improve udp server

internal/opcodes/opcodes.go

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+package opcodes
+
+// Protocol opcodes for UDP packet headers
+const (
+	OpSessionRequest      = 0x01 // Initial connection request from client
+	OpSessionResponse     = 0x02 // Server response to session request
+	OpCombined            = 0x03 // Multiple packets combined into single transmission
+	OpSessionDisconnect   = 0x05 // Clean session termination
+	OpKeepAlive           = 0x06 // Heartbeat to maintain connection
+	OpServerKeyRequest    = 0x07 // Request for server encryption key
+	OpSessionStatResponse = 0x08 // Session statistics response
+	OpPacket              = 0x09 // Standard data packet
+	OpFragment            = 0x0D // Large packet fragmented for transmission
+	OpOutOfOrderAck       = 0x11 // Acknowledgment for out-of-sequence packet
+	OpAck                 = 0x15 // Standard packet acknowledgment
+	OpAppCombined         = 0x19 // Application-level combined packets
+	OpOutOfSession        = 0x1D // Packet received outside valid session
+)
+
+// Login server application opcodes
+const (
+	// Core login operations
+	OpLoginRequestMsg      = 0x2000 // Initial login request from client
+	OpLoginByNumRequestMsg = 0x2001 // Login request using account number
+	OpWSLoginRequestMsg    = 0x2002 // World server login request
+	OpESLoginRequestMsg    = 0x2003 // EverQuest station login request
+	OpLoginReplyMsg        = 0x2004 // Server response to login attempt
+
+	// World server operations
+	OpWorldListMsg         = 0x2010 // List of available world servers
+	OpWorldStatusChangeMsg = 0x2011 // World server status update notification
+	OpAllWSDescRequestMsg  = 0x2012 // Request all world server descriptions
+	OpWSStatusReplyMsg     = 0x2013 // World server status response
+
+	// Character management operations
+	OpAllCharactersDescRequestMsg   = 0x2020 // Request descriptions of all characters
+	OpAllCharactersDescReplyMsg     = 0x2021 // Response with character descriptions
+	OpCreateCharacterRequestMsg     = 0x2022 // Client character creation request
+	OpReskinCharacterRequestMsg     = 0x2023 // Character appearance modification request
+	OpCreateCharacterReplyMsg       = 0x2024 // Server response to character creation
+	OpWSCreateCharacterRequestMsg   = 0x2025 // World server character creation request
+	OpWSCreateCharacterReplyMsg     = 0x2026 // World server character creation response
+	OpDeleteCharacterRequestMsg     = 0x2027 // Character deletion request
+	OpDeleteCharacterReplyMsg       = 0x2028 // Character deletion confirmation
+	OpPlayCharacterRequestMsg       = 0x2029 // Request to enter game with character
+	OpPlayCharacterReplyMsg         = 0x202A // Response to character play request
+	OpServerPlayCharacterRequestMsg = 0x202B // Server-side character play request
+	OpServerPlayCharacterReplyMsg   = 0x202C // Server-side character play response
+
+	// Key mapping operations
+	OpKeymapLoadMsg = 0x2030 // Load saved key mappings
+	OpKeymapNoneMsg = 0x2031 // No key mappings available
+	OpKeymapDataMsg = 0x2032 // Key mapping data transmission
+	OpKeymapSaveMsg = 0x2033 // Save current key mappings
+
+	// Account security operations
+	OpLSCheckAcctLockMsg  = 0x2040 // Check account lock status
+	OpWSAcctLockStatusMsg = 0x2041 // Account lock status update
+
+	// Logging and crash reporting operations
+	OpLsRequestClientCrashLogMsg = 0x2050 // Request client crash log
+	OpLsClientBaselogReplyMsg    = 0x2051 // Base log response
+	OpLsClientCrashlogReplyMsg   = 0x2052 // Crash log response
+	OpLsClientAlertlogReplyMsg   = 0x2053 // Alert log response
+	OpLsClientVerifylogReplyMsg  = 0x2054 // Verification log response
+
+	// Server administration operations
+	OpBadLanguageFilter = 0x2060 // Bad language filter message
+	OpWSServerLockMsg   = 0x2061 // World server lock message
+	OpWSServerHideMsg   = 0x2062 // World server hide message
+	OpLSServerLockMsg   = 0x2063 // Login server lock message
+
+	// Character data updates (login context)
+	OpUpdateCharacterSheetMsg = 0x2070 // Character sheet data update
+	OpUpdateInventoryMsg      = 0x2071 // Character inventory update
+)
+
+// Game server application opcodes
+const (
+	// Server initialization and zone management
+	OpESInitMsg                      = 0x0010 // Server initialization message
+	OpESReadyForClientsMsg           = 0x0011 // Server ready to accept clients
+	OpCreateZoneInstanceMsg          = 0x0012 // Create new zone instance
+	OpZoneInstanceCreateReplyMsg     = 0x0013 // Zone instance creation response
+	OpZoneInstanceDestroyedMsg       = 0x0014 // Zone instance destroyed notification
+	OpExpectClientAsCharacterRequest = 0x0015 // Expect client with character
+	OpExpectClientAsCharacterReplyMs = 0x0016 // Character expectation reply
+	OpZoneInfoMsg                    = 0x0017 // Zone information message
+
+	// Character loading and resources
+	OpDoneLoadingZoneResourcesMsg   = 0x0020 // Zone resources loaded
+	OpDoneSendingInitialEntitiesMsg = 0x0021 // Initial entities sent
+	OpDoneLoadingEntityResourcesMsg = 0x0022 // Entity resources loaded
+	OpDoneLoadingUIResourcesMsg     = 0x0023 // UI resources loaded
+
+	// Game state updates
+	OpPredictionUpdateMsg = 0x0030 // Client prediction update
+	OpRemoteCmdMsg        = 0x0031 // Remote command message
+	OpSetRemoteCmdsMsg    = 0x0032 // Set remote commands
+	OpGameWorldTimeMsg    = 0x0033 // Game world time sync
+	OpMOTDMsg             = 0x0034 // Message of the day
+	OpZoneMOTDMsg         = 0x0035 // Zone-specific MOTD
+
+	// Guild recruitment system
+	OpGuildRecruitingMemberInfo = 0x0040 // Guild member recruiting info
+	OpGuildRecruiting           = 0x0041 // Guild recruiting message
+	OpGuildRecruitingDetails    = 0x0042 // Guild recruiting details
+	OpGuildRecruitingImage      = 0x0043 // Guild recruiting image
+
+	// Avatar lifecycle
+	OpAvatarCreatedMsg   = 0x0050 // Avatar created notification
+	OpAvatarDestroyedMsg = 0x0051 // Avatar destroyed notification
+	OpAvatarUpdateMsg    = 0x0052 // Avatar update message
+
+	// Camping and logout
+	OpRequestCampMsg = 0x0060 // Request to camp/logout
+	OpMapRequest     = 0x0061 // Map data request
+	OpCampStartedMsg = 0x0062 // Camp timer started
+	OpCampAbortedMsg = 0x0063 // Camp timer aborted
+
+	// Player queries and monitoring
+	OpWhoQueryRequestMsg             = 0x0070 // Who query request
+	OpWhoQueryReplyMsg               = 0x0071 // Who query response
+	OpMonitorReplyMsg                = 0x0072 // Monitor command reply
+	OpMonitorCharacterListMsg        = 0x0073 // Character list for monitoring
+	OpMonitorCharacterListRequestMsg = 0x0074 // Request character list
+
+	// Command dispatching
+	OpClientCmdMsg         = 0x0080 // Client command message
+	OpLottery              = 0x0081 // Lottery system message
+	OpDispatchClientCmdMsg = 0x0082 // Dispatch client command
+	OpDispatchESMsg        = 0x0083 // Dispatch EverQuest message
+
+	// Target and opportunity updates
+	OpUpdateTargetMsg      = 0x0090 // Update current target
+	OpUpdateOpportunityMsg = 0x0091 // Update opportunity window
+	OpUpdateTargetLocMsg   = 0x0092 // Update target location
+
+	// Character progression and books
+	OpUpdateSpellBookMsg = 0x00A0 // Update spell book
+	OpUpdateSkillBookMsg = 0x00A1 // Update skill book
+	OpUpdateSkillsMsg    = 0x00A2 // Update skills
+
+	// Recipe and crafting system
+	OpUpdateRecipeBookMsg     = 0x00B0 // Update recipe book
+	OpRequestRecipeDetailsMsg = 0x00B1 // Request recipe details
+	OpRecipeDetailsMsg        = 0x00B2 // Recipe details response
+
+	// Zone transitions and teleportation
+	OpChangeZoneMsg                 = 0x00C0 // Change zone request
+	OpClientTeleportRequestMsg      = 0x00C1 // Client teleport request
+	OpTeleportWithinZoneMsg         = 0x00C2 // Teleport within current zone
+	OpTeleportWithinZoneNoReloadMsg = 0x00C3 // Teleport without zone reload
+	OpMigrateClientToZoneRequestMsg = 0x00C4 // Migrate client to zone
+	OpMigrateClientToZoneReplyMsg   = 0x00C5 // Zone migration reply
+	OpReadyToZoneMsg                = 0x00C6 // Client ready to zone
+
+	// Group management
+	OpRemoveClientFromGroupMsg = 0x00D0 // Remove client from group
+	OpRemoveGroupFromGroupMsg  = 0x00D1 // Remove group from group
+	OpMakeGroupLeaderMsg       = 0x00D2 // Make group leader
+	OpGroupCreatedMsg          = 0x00D3 // Group created notification
+	OpGroupDestroyedMsg        = 0x00D4 // Group destroyed notification
+	OpGroupMemberAddedMsg      = 0x00D5 // Group member added
+	OpGroupMemberRemovedMsg    = 0x00D6 // Group member removed
+	OpGroupRemovedFromGroupMsg = 0x00D7 // Group removed from group
+	OpGroupLeaderChangedMsg    = 0x00D8 // Group leader changed
+	OpGroupSettingsChangedMsg  = 0x00D9 // Group settings changed
+
+	// Data synchronization
+	OpSendLatestRequestMsg = 0x00E0 // Send latest data request
+	OpClearDataMsg         = 0x00E1 // Clear data message
+	OpSetSocialMsg         = 0x00E2 // Set social information
+
+	// Server status monitoring
+	OpESStatusMsg             = 0x00F0 // EverQuest server status
+	OpESZoneInstanceStatusMsg = 0x00F1 // Zone instance status
+	OpZonesStatusRequestMsg   = 0x00F2 // Request zones status
+	OpZonesStatusMsg          = 0x00F3 // Zones status response
+
+	// Weather system
+	OpESWeatherRequestMsg    = 0x0100 // Weather request
+	OpESWeatherRequestEndMsg = 0x0101 // Weather request end
+
+	// Dialog system
+	OpDialogSelectMsg = 0x0110 // Dialog selection
+	OpDialogCloseMsg  = 0x0111 // Dialog close
+
+	// Spell effects and concentration
+	OpRemoveSpellEffectMsg   = 0x0120 // Remove spell effect
+	OpRemoveConcentrationMsg = 0x0121 // Remove concentration
+
+	// Quest journal system
+	OpQuestJournalOpenMsg       = 0x0130 // Open quest journal
+	OpQuestJournalInspectMsg    = 0x0131 // Inspect quest journal
+	OpQuestJournalSetVisibleMsg = 0x0132 // Set quest journal visibility
+	OpQuestJournalWaypointMsg   = 0x0133 // Quest journal waypoint
+
+	// Guild management
+	OpCreateGuildRequestMsg = 0x0140 // Create guild request
+	OpCreateGuildReplyMsg   = 0x0141 // Create guild reply
+	OpGuildsayMsg           = 0x0142 // Guild say message
+	OpGuildUpdateMsg        = 0x0143 // Guild update message
+	OpFellowshipExpMsg      = 0x0144 // Fellowship experience
+
+	// Trading and consignment
+	OpConsignmentCloseStoreMsg       = 0x0150 // Close consignment store
+	OpConsignItemRequestMsg          = 0x0151 // Consign item request
+	OpConsignItemResponseMsg         = 0x0152 // Consign item response
+	OpPurchaseConsignmentLoreCheckRe = 0x0153 // Purchase consignment lore check
+	OpQuestReward                    = 0x0154 // Quest reward
+
+	// Housing system
+	OpHouseDeletedRemotelyMsg      = 0x0160 // House deleted remotely
+	OpUpdateHouseDataMsg           = 0x0161 // Update house data
+	OpUpdateHouseAccessDataMsg     = 0x0162 // Update house access data
+	OpPlayerHouseBaseScreenMsg     = 0x0163 // Player house base screen
+	OpPlayerHousePurchaseScreenMsg = 0x0164 // Player house purchase screen
+	OpPlayerHouseAccessUpdateMsg   = 0x0165 // Player house access update
+	OpPlayerHouseDisplayStatusMsg  = 0x0166 // Player house display status
+	OpPlayerHouseCloseUIMsg        = 0x0167 // Player house close UI
+	OpBuyPlayerHouseMsg            = 0x0168 // Buy player house
+	OpBuyPlayerHouseTintMsg        = 0x0169 // Buy player house tint
+	OpCollectAllHouseItemsMsg      = 0x016A // Collect all house items
+	OpRelinquishHouseMsg           = 0x016B // Relinquish house
+	OpEnterHouseMsg                = 0x016C // Enter house
+	OpExitHouseMsg                 = 0x016D // Exit house
+
+	// Object examination and placement
+	OpExamineConsignmentRequestMsg   = 0x0170 // Examine consignment request
+	OpMoveableObjectPlacementCriteri = 0x0171 // Moveable object placement criteria
+	OpEnterMoveObjectModeMsg         = 0x0172 // Enter move object mode
+	OpPositionMoveableObject         = 0x0173 // Position moveable object
+	OpCancelMoveObjectModeMsg        = 0x0174 // Cancel move object mode
+
+	// Visual customization
+	OpShaderCustomizationMsg        = 0x0180 // Shader customization
+	OpReplaceableSubMeshesMsg       = 0x0181 // Replaceable sub meshes
+	OpExamineConsignmentResponseMsg = 0x0182 // Examine consignment response
+
+	// House access control
+	OpHouseDefaultAccessSetMsg = 0x0190 // House default access set
+	OpHouseAccessSetMsg        = 0x0191 // House access set
+	OpHouseAccessRemoveMsg     = 0x0192 // House access remove
+	OpPayHouseUpkeepMsg        = 0x0193 // Pay house upkeep
+
+	// UI customization and settings
+	OpTintWidgetsMsg        = 0x01A0 // Tint widgets
+	OpUISettingsResponseMsg = 0x01A1 // UI settings response
+	OpUIResetMsg            = 0x01A2 // UI reset
+
+	// Spell commands
+	OpDispatchSpellCmdMsg = 0x01C0 // Dispatch spell command
+
+	// House customization
+	OpHouseCustomizationScreenMsg    = 0x01D0 // House customization screen
+	OpCustomizationPurchaseRequestMs = 0x01D1 // Customization purchase request
+	OpCustomizationSetRequestMsg     = 0x01D2 // Customization set request
+	OpCustomizationReplyMsg          = 0x01D3 // Customization reply
+
+	// Entity interaction
+	OpEntityVerbsRequestMsg = 0x01E0 // Entity verbs request
+	OpEntityVerbsReplyMsg   = 0x01E1 // Entity verbs reply
+	OpEntityVerbsVerbMsg    = 0x01E2 // Entity verbs verb
+
+	// Chat system
+	OpChatRelationshipUpdateMsg = 0x01F0 // Chat relationship update
+	OpChatCreateChannelMsg      = 0x01F1 // Chat create channel
+	OpChatJoinChannelMsg        = 0x01F2 // Chat join channel
+	OpChatWhoChannelMsg         = 0x01F3 // Chat who channel
+	OpChatLeaveChannelMsg       = 0x01F4 // Chat leave channel
+	OpChatTellChannelMsg        = 0x01F5 // Chat tell channel
+	OpChatTellUserMsg           = 0x01F6 // Chat tell user
+	OpChatToggleFriendMsg       = 0x01F7 // Chat toggle friend
+	OpChatToggleIgnoreMsg       = 0x01F8 // Chat toggle ignore
+	OpChatSendFriendsMsg        = 0x01F9 // Chat send friends
+	OpChatSendIgnoresMsg        = 0x01FA // Chat send ignores
+	OpChatFiltersMsg            = 0x01FB // Chat filters
+
+	// Looting system
+	OpLootItemsRequestMsg = 0x0200 // Loot items request
+	OpStoppedLootingMsg   = 0x0201 // Stopped looting
+
+	// Character positioning
+	OpSitMsg   = 0x0210 // Sit message
+	OpStandMsg = 0x0211 // Stand message
+	OpSatMsg   = 0x0212 // Sat message
+	OpStoodMsg = 0x0213 // Stood message
+
+	// Group options and interface
+	OpDefaultGroupOptionsRequestMsg = 0x0220 // Default group options request
+	OpDefaultGroupOptionsMsg        = 0x0221 // Default group options
+	OpGroupOptionsMsg               = 0x0222 // Group options
+	OpDisplayGroupOptionsScreenMsg  = 0x0223 // Display group options screen
+	OpDisplayInnVisitScreenMsg      = 0x0224 // Display inn visit screen
+
+	// System debugging and monitoring
+	OpDumpSchedulerMsg     = 0x0230 // Dump scheduler
+	OpRequestHelpRepathMsg = 0x0231 // Request help repath
+	OpUpdateMotdMsg        = 0x0232 // Update MOTD
+	OpRequestTargetLocMsg  = 0x0233 // Request target location
+
+	// Combat effects
+	OpPerformPlayerKnockbackMsg = 0x0240 // Perform player knockback
+	OpPerformCameraShakeMsg     = 0x0241 // Perform camera shake
+
+	// Skills and abilities
+	OpPopulateSkillMapsMsg = 0x0250 // Populate skill maps
+	OpCancelledFeignMsg    = 0x0251 // Cancelled feign
+	OpSignalMsg            = 0x0252 // Signal message
+	OpSkillInfoRequest     = 0x0253 // Skill info request
+	OpSkillInfoResponse    = 0x0254 // Skill info response
+
+	// Crafting interface
+	OpShowCreateFromRecipeUIMsg      = 0x0260 // Show create from recipe UI
+	OpCancelCreateFromRecipeMsg      = 0x0261 // Cancel create from recipe
+	OpBeginItemCreationMsg           = 0x0262 // Begin item creation
+	OpStopItemCreationMsg            = 0x0263 // Stop item creation
+	OpShowItemCreationProcessUIMsg   = 0x0264 // Show item creation process UI
+	OpUpdateItemCreationProcessUIMsg = 0x0265 // Update item creation process UI
+	OpDisplayTSEventReactionMsg      = 0x0266 // Display tradeskill event reaction
+	OpShowRecipeBookMsg              = 0x0267 // Show recipe book
+
+	// Knowledge base and help system
+	OpKnowledgebaseRequestMsg  = 0x0270 // Knowledge base request
+	OpKnowledgebaseResponseMsg = 0x0271 // Knowledge base response
+
+	// Customer service ticket system
+	OpCSTicketHeaderRequestMsg      = 0x0280 // CS ticket header request
+	OpCSTicketInfoMsg               = 0x0281 // CS ticket info
+	OpCSTicketCommentRequestMsg     = 0x0282 // CS ticket comment request
+	OpCSTicketCommentResponseMsg    = 0x0283 // CS ticket comment response
+	OpCSTicketCreateMsg             = 0x0284 // CS ticket create
+	OpCSTicketAddCommentMsg         = 0x0285 // CS ticket add comment
+	OpCSTicketDeleteMsg             = 0x0286 // CS ticket delete
+	OpCSTicketChangeNotificationMsg = 0x0287 // CS ticket change notification
+
+	// World data management
+	OpWorldDataUpdateMsg = 0x0290 // World data update
+	OpWorldDataChangeMsg = 0x0291 // World data change
+	OpKnownLanguagesMsg  = 0x0292 // Known languages
+
+	// Client control and prediction
+	OpClientTeleportToLocationMsg = 0x02B0 // Client teleport to location
+	OpUpdateClientPredFlagsMsg    = 0x02B1 // Update client prediction flags
+	OpChangeServerControlFlagMsg  = 0x02B2 // Change server control flag
+
+	// Customer service tools
+	OpCSToolsRequestMsg  = 0x02C0 // CS tools request
+	OpCSToolsResponseMsg = 0x02C1 // CS tools response
+
+	// Boat transport system
+	OpCreateBoatTransportsMsg      = 0x02D0 // Create boat transports
+	OpPositionBoatTransportMsg     = 0x02D1 // Position boat transport
+	OpMigrateBoatTransportMsg      = 0x02D2 // Migrate boat transport
+	OpMigrateBoatTransportReplyMsg = 0x02D3 // Migrate boat transport reply
+
+	// Debugging and examination
+	OpDisplayDebugNLLPointsMsg = 0x02E0 // Display debug NLL points
+	OpExamineInfoRequestMsg    = 0x02E1 // Examine info request
+
+	// Quickbar and macro management
+	OpQuickbarInitMsg   = 0x02F0 // Quickbar init
+	OpQuickbarUpdateMsg = 0x02F1 // Quickbar update
+	OpMacroInitMsg      = 0x02F2 // Macro init
+	OpMacroUpdateMsg    = 0x02F3 // Macro update
+
+	// EverQuest specific client commands
+	// Audio and visual commands
+	OpEqHearChatCmd           = 0x1000 // Hear chat command
+	OpEqDisplayTextCmd        = 0x1001 // Display text command
+	OpEqHearCombatCmd         = 0x1002 // Hear combat command
+	OpEqHearSpellCastCmd      = 0x1003 // Hear spell cast command
+	OpEqHearSpellInterruptCmd = 0x1004 // Hear spell interrupt command
+	OpEqHearSpellFizzleCmd    = 0x1005 // Hear spell fizzle command
+	OpEqHearConsiderCmd       = 0x1006 // Hear consider command
+	OpEqCannedEmoteCmd        = 0x1007 // Canned emote command
+	OpEqStateCmd              = 0x1008 // State command
+	OpEqPlaySoundCmd          = 0x1009 // Play sound command
+	OpEqPlaySound3DCmd        = 0x100A // Play 3D sound command
+	OpEqPlayVoiceCmd          = 0x100B // Play voice command
+	OpEqHearDrowningCmd       = 0x100C // Hear drowning command
+	OpEqHearDeathCmd          = 0x100D // Hear death command
+	OpEqHearChainEffectCmd    = 0x100E // Hear chain effect command
+	OpEqHearPlayFlavorCmd     = 0x100F // Hear play flavor command
+	OpEqHearHealCmd           = 0x1010 // Hear heal command
+	OpEQHearThreatCmd         = 0x1011 // Hear threat command
+	OpEqHearSpellNoLandCmd    = 0x1012 // Hear spell no land command
+	OpEQHearDispellCmd        = 0x1013 // Hear dispell command
+
+	// Ghost and widget management
+	OpEqCreateGhostCmd      = 0x1020 // Create ghost command
+	OpEqCreateWidgetCmd     = 0x1021 // Create widget command
+	OpEqCreateSignWidgetCmd = 0x1022 // Create sign widget command
+	OpEqDestroyGhostCmd     = 0x1023 // Destroy ghost command
+	OpEqUpdateGhostCmd      = 0x1024 // Update ghost command
+	OpEqSetControlGhostCmd  = 0x1025 // Set control ghost command
+	OpEqSetPOVGhostCmd      = 0x1026 // Set POV ghost command
+	OpEqUpdateSignWidgetCmd = 0x1027 // Update sign widget command
+
+	// Class and UI management
+	OpEqUpdateSubClassesCmd = 0x1030 // Update sub classes command
+	OpEqCreateListBoxCmd    = 0x1031 // Create list box command
+
+	// Group and effects
+	OpEqGroupMemberRemovedCmd = 0x1040 // Group member removed command
+	OpEqReceiveOfferCmd       = 0x1041 // Receive offer command
+	OpEqInspectPCResultsCmd   = 0x1042 // Inspect PC results command
+
+	// Dialog system
+	OpEqDialogOpenCmd  = 0x1050 // Dialog open command
+	OpEqDialogCloseCmd = 0x1051 // Dialog close command
+
+	// Collections system
+	OpEqCollectionUpdateCmd = 0x1060 // Collection update command
+	OpEqCollectionFilterCmd = 0x1061 // Collection filter command
+	OpEqCollectionItemCmd   = 0x1062 // Collection item command
+
+	// Quest system
+	OpEqQuestJournalUpdateCmd = 0x1070 // Quest journal update command
+	OpEqQuestJournalReplyCmd  = 0x1071 // Quest journal reply command
+	OpEqQuestGroupCmd         = 0x1072 // Quest group command
+
+	// Commerce and trading
+	OpEqUpdateMerchantCmd    = 0x1080 // Update merchant command
+	OpEqUpdateStoreCmd       = 0x1081 // Update store command
+	OpEqUpdatePlayerTradeCmd = 0x1082 // Update player trade command
+	OpEqUpdateBankCmd        = 0x1083 // Update bank command
+	OpEqUpdateLootCmd        = 0x1084 // Update loot command
+	OpEqConsignmentItemsCmd  = 0x1085 // Consignment items command
+	OpEqStartBrokerCmd       = 0x1086 // Start broker command
+
+	// Navigation and pathfinding
+	OpEqSetDebugPathPointsCmd = 0x1090 // Set debug path points command
+	OpEqDrawablePathGraphCmd  = 0x1091 // Drawable path graph command
+	OpEqHelpPathCmd           = 0x1092 // Help path command
+	OpEqHelpPathClearCmd      = 0x1093 // Help path clear command
+
+	// Examination and information
+	OpEqExamineInfoCmd = 0x10A0 // Examine info command
+	OpEqDebugPVDCmd    = 0x10A1 // Debug PVD command
+
+	// Window management
+	OpEqCloseWindowCmd            = 0x10B0 // Close window command
+	OpEqJunctionListCmd           = 0x10B1 // Junction list command
+	OpEqChoiceWinCmd              = 0x10B2 // Choice window command
+	OpEqInstructionWindowCmd      = 0x10B3 // Instruction window command
+	OpEqInstructionWindowCloseCmd = 0x10B4 // Instruction window close command
+	OpEqInstructionWindowGoalCmd  = 0x10B5 // Instruction window goal command
+	OpEqInstructionWindowTaskCmd  = 0x10B6 // Instruction window task command
+	OpEqShowWindowCmd             = 0x10B7 // Show window command
+	OpEqEnableWindowCmd           = 0x10B8 // Enable window command
+	OpEqFlashWindowCmd            = 0x10B9 // Flash window command
+	OpEqShowBookCmd               = 0x10BA // Show book command
+
+	// Death and spell effects
+	OpEqShowDeathWindowCmd  = 0x10C0 // Show death window command
+	OpEqDisplaySpellFailCmd = 0x10C1 // Display spell fail command
+	OpEqSpellCastStartCmd   = 0x10C2 // Spell cast start command
+	OpEqSpellCastEndCmd     = 0x10C3 // Spell cast end command
+	OpEqResurrectedCmd      = 0x10C4 // Resurrected command
+
+	// Game events and verbs
+	OpEqSetDefaultVerbCmd  = 0x10D0 // Set default verb command
+	OpEqEnableGameEventCmd = 0x10D1 // Enable game event command
+
+	// Questionnaire and problems
+	OpEqQuestionnaireCmd = 0x10E0 // Questionnaire command
+	OpEqGetProbsCmd      = 0x10E1 // Get problems command
+
+	// Chat channels
+	OpEqChatChannelUpdateCmd    = 0x10F0 // Chat channel update command
+	OpEqWhoChannelQueryReplyCmd = 0x10F1 // Who channel query reply command
+	OpEqAvailWorldChannelsCmd   = 0x10F2 // Available world channels command
+
+	// Target and map systems
+	OpEqUpdateTargetCmd   = 0x1100 // Update target command
+	OpEqMapExplorationCmd = 0x1101 // Map exploration command
+	OpEqTargetItemCmd     = 0x1102 // Target item command
+
+	// Logging and mail
+	OpEqStoreLogCmd                 = 0x1110 // Store log command
+	OpEqSpellMoveToRangeAndRetryCmd = 0x1111 // Spell move to range and retry command
+	OpEqUpdatePlayerMailCmd         = 0x1112 // Update player mail command
+
+	// Faction updates
+	OpEqFactionUpdateCmd = 0x1120 // Faction update command
+)

internal/udp/combine.go

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+package udp
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"eq2emu/internal/opcodes"
+	"errors"
+)
+
+// PacketCombiner groups small packets together to reduce UDP overhead
+type PacketCombiner struct {
+	pendingPackets []*ProtocolPacket // Packets awaiting combination
+	maxSize        int               // Maximum combined packet size
+	timeout        int               // Combination timeout in milliseconds
+}
+
+// NewPacketCombiner creates a combiner with default settings
+func NewPacketCombiner() *PacketCombiner {
+	return &PacketCombiner{
+		maxSize: 256, // Default size threshold for combining
+		timeout: 10,  // Default timeout in ms
+	}
+}
+
+// NewPacketCombinerWithConfig creates a combiner with custom settings
+func NewPacketCombinerWithConfig(maxSize, timeout int) *PacketCombiner {
+	return &PacketCombiner{
+		maxSize: maxSize,
+		timeout: timeout,
+	}
+}
+
+// AddPacket queues a packet for potential combining
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) AddPacket(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
+	pc.pendingPackets = append(pc.pendingPackets, packet)
+}
+
+// FlushCombined returns combined packets and clears the queue
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) FlushCombined() []*ProtocolPacket {
+	if len(pc.pendingPackets) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if len(pc.pendingPackets) == 1 {
+		// Single packet - no combining needed
+		packet := pc.pendingPackets[0]
+		pc.pendingPackets = nil
+		return []*ProtocolPacket{packet}
+	}
+
+	// Combine multiple packets
+	combined := pc.combineProtocolPackets(pc.pendingPackets)
+	pc.pendingPackets = nil
+	return []*ProtocolPacket{combined}
+}
+
+// combineProtocolPackets merges multiple packets into a single combined packet
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) combineProtocolPackets(packets []*ProtocolPacket) *ProtocolPacket {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+
+	for _, packet := range packets {
+		serialized := packet.Serialize()
+		pc.writeSizeHeader(&buf, len(serialized))
+		buf.Write(serialized)
+	}
+
+	return &ProtocolPacket{
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpCombined,
+		Data:   buf.Bytes(),
+	}
+}
+
+// writeSizeHeader writes packet size using variable-length encoding
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) writeSizeHeader(buf *bytes.Buffer, size int) {
+	if size >= 255 {
+		// Large packet - use 3-byte header [0xFF][low][high]
+		buf.WriteByte(0xFF)
+		buf.WriteByte(byte(size))
+		buf.WriteByte(byte(size >> 8))
+	} else {
+		// Small packet - use 1-byte header
+		buf.WriteByte(byte(size))
+	}
+}
+
+// ParseCombinedPacket splits combined packet into individual packets
+func ParseCombinedPacket(data []byte) ([]*ProtocolPacket, error) {
+	var packets []*ProtocolPacket
+	offset := 0
+
+	for offset < len(data) {
+		size, headerSize, err := readSizeHeader(data, offset)
+		if err != nil {
+			break
+		}
+
+		offset += headerSize
+
+		if offset+size > len(data) {
+			break // Incomplete packet
+		}
+
+		// Parse individual packet
+		packetData := data[offset : offset+size]
+		if packet, err := ParseProtocolPacket(packetData); err == nil {
+			packets = append(packets, packet)
+		}
+
+		offset += size
+	}
+
+	return packets, nil
+}
+
+// readSizeHeader reads variable-length size header
+func readSizeHeader(data []byte, offset int) (size, headerSize int, err error) {
+	if offset >= len(data) {
+		return 0, 0, errors.New("insufficient data for size header")
+	}
+
+	if data[offset] == 0xFF {
+		// 3-byte size header
+		if offset+2 >= len(data) {
+			return 0, 0, errors.New("insufficient data for 3-byte size header")
+		}
+		size = int(data[offset+1]) | (int(data[offset+2]) << 8)
+		headerSize = 3
+	} else {
+		// 1-byte size header
+		size = int(data[offset])
+		headerSize = 1
+	}
+
+	return size, headerSize, nil
+}
+
+// ShouldCombine determines if packets should be combined based on total size
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) ShouldCombine() bool {
+	if len(pc.pendingPackets) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	totalSize := 0
+	for _, packet := range pc.pendingPackets {
+		serialized := packet.Serialize()
+		totalSize += len(serialized)
+
+		// Add size header overhead
+		if len(serialized) >= 255 {
+			totalSize += 3
+		} else {
+			totalSize += 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	return totalSize <= pc.maxSize
+}
+
+// HasPendingPackets returns true if packets are waiting to be combined
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) HasPendingPackets() bool {
+	return len(pc.pendingPackets) > 0
+}
+
+// GetPendingCount returns the number of packets waiting to be combined
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) GetPendingCount() int {
+	return len(pc.pendingPackets)
+}
+
+// Clear removes all pending packets without combining
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) Clear() {
+	pc.pendingPackets = nil
+}
+
+// SetMaxSize updates the maximum combined packet size
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) SetMaxSize(maxSize int) {
+	pc.maxSize = maxSize
+}
+
+// SetTimeout updates the combination timeout
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) SetTimeout(timeout int) {
+	pc.timeout = timeout
+}
+
+// GetStats returns packet combination statistics
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) GetStats() CombinerStats {
+	return CombinerStats{
+		PendingCount: len(pc.pendingPackets),
+		MaxSize:      pc.maxSize,
+		Timeout:      pc.timeout,
+	}
+}
+
+// CombinerStats contains packet combiner statistics
+type CombinerStats struct {
+	PendingCount int // Number of packets waiting to be combined
+	MaxSize      int // Maximum combined packet size
+	Timeout      int // Combination timeout in milliseconds
+}
+
+// EstimateCombinedSize calculates the size if current packets were combined
+func (pc *PacketCombiner) EstimateCombinedSize() int {
+	if len(pc.pendingPackets) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	totalSize := 0
+	for _, packet := range pc.pendingPackets {
+		serialized := packet.Serialize()
+		packetSize := len(serialized)
+		totalSize += packetSize
+
+		// Add size header overhead
+		if packetSize >= 255 {
+			totalSize += 3
+		} else {
+			totalSize += 1
+		}
+	}
+
+	return totalSize
+}
+
+// ValidateCombinedPacket checks if combined packet data is well-formed
+func ValidateCombinedPacket(data []byte) error {
+	offset := 0
+	count := 0
+
+	for offset < len(data) {
+		size, headerSize, err := readSizeHeader(data, offset)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+
+		offset += headerSize
+
+		if offset+size > len(data) {
+			return errors.New("packet extends beyond data boundary")
+		}
+
+		offset += size
+		count++
+
+		if count > 100 { // Sanity check
+			return errors.New("too many packets in combined packet")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}

internal/udp/compression.go

@@ -6,44 +6,71 @@ import (
 	"io"
 )
 
+// Compression markers used by EQ2EMu protocol
+const (
+	CompressedMarker   = 0x5A // Marks zlib compressed data
+	UncompressedMarker = 0xA5 // Marks uncompressed data
+)
+
+// Compress applies zlib compression with EQ2EMu protocol markers
+// Returns compressed data only if compression provides space savings
 func Compress(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Empty data gets uncompressed marker
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return []byte{UncompressedMarker}, nil
+	}
+
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	buf.WriteByte(CompressedMarker)
 
-	// Write compression marker
+	// Compress data using zlib
-	buf.WriteByte(0x5A)
-
 	writer := zlib.NewWriter(&buf)
-	_, err := writer.Write(data)
+	if _, err := writer.Write(data); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if err := writer.Close(); err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	err = writer.Close()
+	// Only use compression if it actually saves space
-	if err != nil {
+	if buf.Len() >= len(data)+1 {
-		return nil, err
+		result := make([]byte, len(data)+1)
+		result[0] = UncompressedMarker
+		copy(result[1:], data)
+		return result, nil
 	}
 
 	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }
 
+// Decompress handles both compressed and uncompressed data based on markers
 func Decompress(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	if len(data) == 0 {
 		return data, nil
 	}
 
-	// Check compression marker
+	switch data[0] {
-	if data[0] == 0xA5 {
+	case UncompressedMarker:
-		// Uncompressed data
+		// Data is uncompressed - return without marker
 		return data[1:], nil
-	}
 
-	if data[0] != 0x5A {
+	case CompressedMarker:
-		// No compression marker, return as-is
+		// Data is zlib compressed
+		return decompressZlib(data[1:])
+
+	default:
+		// No compression marker - return as-is
 		return data, nil
 	}
+}
 
-	// Decompress zlib data
+// decompressZlib handles zlib decompression
-	reader := bytes.NewReader(data[1:])
+func decompressZlib(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return nil, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+
+	reader := bytes.NewReader(data)
 	zlibReader, err := zlib.NewReader(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -51,10 +78,24 @@ func Decompress(data []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	defer zlibReader.Close()
 
 	var buf bytes.Buffer
-	_, err = io.Copy(&buf, zlibReader)
+	if _, err := io.Copy(&buf, zlibReader); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
 	return buf.Bytes(), nil
 }
+
+// IsCompressed checks if data has compression marker
+func IsCompressed(data []byte) bool {
+	return len(data) > 0 && data[0] == CompressedMarker
+}
+
+// IsUncompressed checks if data has uncompressed marker
+func IsUncompressed(data []byte) bool {
+	return len(data) > 0 && data[0] == UncompressedMarker
+}
+
+// HasCompressionMarker checks if data has any compression marker
+func HasCompressionMarker(data []byte) bool {
+	return IsCompressed(data) || IsUncompressed(data)
+}

internal/udp/connection.go

@@ -3,114 +3,153 @@ package udp
 import (
 	"crypto/rand"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"eq2emu/internal/opcodes"
 	"net"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 )
 
+// ConnectionState represents the current state of a UDP connection
 type ConnectionState int
 
 const (
-	StateClosed ConnectionState = iota
+	StateClosed      ConnectionState = iota // Connection is closed
-	StateEstablished
+	StateEstablished                        // Connection is active and ready
-	StateClosing
+	StateClosing                            // Connection is being closed
+	StateWaitClose                          // Waiting for close confirmation
 )
 
+const (
+	DefaultWindowSize = 2048 // Default sliding window size for flow control
+	MaxPacketSize     = 512  // Maximum packet size before fragmentation
+)
+
+// Connection manages a single client connection over UDP with reliability features
 type Connection struct {
-	addr    *net.UDPAddr
+	// Network details
-	conn    *net.UDPConn
+	addr    *net.UDPAddr // Client's UDP address
+	conn    *net.UDPConn // Shared UDP socket
 	handler PacketHandler
 	state   ConnectionState
-	mutex   sync.RWMutex
+	mutex   sync.RWMutex // Protects connection state
 
-	// Session data
+	// Session parameters
-	sessionID  uint32
+	sessionID  uint32 // Unique session identifier
-	key        uint32
+	key        uint32 // Encryption key
-	compressed bool
+	compressed bool   // Whether compression is enabled
-	encoded    bool
+	encoded    bool   // Whether encoding is enabled
-	maxLength  uint32
+	maxLength  uint32 // Maximum packet length
 
-	// Sequence tracking
+	// Sequence tracking for reliable delivery
-	nextInSeq  uint16
+	nextInSeq  uint16 // Next expected incoming sequence number
-	nextOutSeq uint16
+	nextOutSeq uint16 // Next outgoing sequence number
+	windowSize uint16 // Flow control window size
 
-	// Queues
+	// Protocol components
-	inboundQueue  []*ApplicationPacket
+	retransmitQueue *RetransmitQueue           // Handles packet retransmission
-	outboundQueue []*ProtocolPacket
+	fragmentMgr     *FragmentManager           // Manages packet fragmentation
-	ackQueue      []uint16
+	combiner        *PacketCombiner            // Combines small packets
+	outOfOrderMap   map[uint16]*ProtocolPacket // Stores out-of-order packets
+	crypto          *Crypto                    // Handles encryption/decryption
 
-	// Timing
+	// Connection timing
-	lastPacketTime time.Time
+	lastPacketTime time.Time // Last received packet timestamp
+	lastAckTime    time.Time // Last acknowledgment timestamp
 
-	// Crypto
+	// Flow control
-	crypto *Crypto
+	sendWindow  []bool // Sliding window for sent packets
+	windowStart uint16 // Start of the sliding window
 }
 
+// NewConnection creates a new connection instance with default settings
 func NewConnection(addr *net.UDPAddr, conn *net.UDPConn, handler PacketHandler) *Connection {
 	return &Connection{
-		addr:           addr,
+		addr:            addr,
-		conn:           conn,
+		conn:            conn,
-		handler:        handler,
+		handler:         handler,
-		state:          StateClosed,
+		state:           StateClosed,
-		maxLength:      512,
+		maxLength:       MaxPacketSize,
-		lastPacketTime: time.Now(),
+		windowSize:      DefaultWindowSize,
-		crypto:         NewCrypto(),
+		lastPacketTime:  time.Now(),
+		crypto:          NewCrypto(),
+		retransmitQueue: NewRetransmitQueue(),
+		fragmentMgr:     NewFragmentManager(MaxPacketSize),
+		combiner:        NewPacketCombiner(),
+		outOfOrderMap:   make(map[uint16]*ProtocolPacket),
+		sendWindow:      make([]bool, DefaultWindowSize),
 	}
 }
 
+// ProcessPacket handles incoming UDP packets and routes them based on opcode
 func (c *Connection) ProcessPacket(data []byte) {
+	c.mutex.Lock()
+	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
+
 	c.lastPacketTime = time.Now()
 
 	packet, err := ParseProtocolPacket(data)
 	if err != nil {
-		return
+		return // Silently drop malformed packets
 	}
 
+	// Route packet based on opcode
 	switch packet.Opcode {
-	case OpSessionRequest:
+	case opcodes.OpSessionRequest:
 		c.handleSessionRequest(packet)
-	case OpSessionResponse:
+	case opcodes.OpSessionResponse:
 		c.handleSessionResponse(packet)
-	case OpPacket:
+	case opcodes.OpPacket:
 		c.handleDataPacket(packet)
-	case OpAck:
+	case opcodes.OpFragment:
+		c.handleFragment(packet)
+	case opcodes.OpCombined:
+		c.handleCombinedPacket(packet)
+	case opcodes.OpAck:
 		c.handleAck(packet)
-	case OpKeepAlive:
+	case opcodes.OpOutOfOrderAck:
+		c.handleOutOfOrderAck(packet)
+	case opcodes.OpKeepAlive:
 		c.sendKeepAlive()
-	case OpSessionDisconnect:
+	case opcodes.OpSessionDisconnect:
-		c.Close()
+		c.handleDisconnect()
 	}
 }
 
+// handleSessionRequest processes client session initiation
 func (c *Connection) handleSessionRequest(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
 	if len(packet.Data) < 12 {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Parse session request
+	// Extract session parameters from request
 	c.sessionID = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet.Data[4:8])
 	requestedMaxLen := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet.Data[8:12])
 
-	if requestedMaxLen > 0 {
+	// Set maximum packet length if reasonable
+	if requestedMaxLen > 0 && requestedMaxLen <= 8192 {
 		c.maxLength = requestedMaxLen
+		c.fragmentMgr = NewFragmentManager(requestedMaxLen)
 	}
 
-	// Generate encryption key
+	// Generate random encryption key
 	keyBytes := make([]byte, 4)
 	rand.Read(keyBytes)
 	c.key = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(keyBytes)
 
-	// Send session response
+	// Initialize encryption
+	c.crypto.SetKey(keyBytes)
+
 	c.sendSessionResponse()
 	c.state = StateEstablished
 }
 
+// handleSessionResponse processes server session response (client-side)
 func (c *Connection) handleSessionResponse(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
-	// Client-side session response handling
 	if len(packet.Data) < 20 {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// Extract session parameters
 	c.sessionID = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet.Data[0:4])
 	c.key = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet.Data[4:8])
 	format := packet.Data[9]
@@ -118,9 +157,15 @@ func (c *Connection) handleSessionResponse(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
 	c.encoded = (format & 0x04) != 0
 	c.maxLength = binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet.Data[12:16])
 
+	// Initialize encryption with received key
+	keyBytes := make([]byte, 4)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(keyBytes, c.key)
+	c.crypto.SetKey(keyBytes)
+
 	c.state = StateEstablished
 }
 
+// handleDataPacket processes reliable data packets with sequence numbers
 func (c *Connection) handleDataPacket(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
 	if len(packet.Data) < 2 {
 		return
@@ -129,35 +174,149 @@ func (c *Connection) handleDataPacket(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
 	seq := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packet.Data[0:2])
 	payload := packet.Data[2:]
 
-	// Simple in-order processing for now
 	if seq == c.nextInSeq {
-		c.nextInSeq++
+		// In-order packet - process immediately
-		c.sendAck(seq)
+		c.processInOrderPacket(seq, payload)
+	} else if seq > c.nextInSeq {
+		// Out-of-order packet - store for later processing
+		c.outOfOrderMap[seq] = packet
+		c.sendOutOfOrderAck(seq)
+	}
+	// Drop packets with seq < nextInSeq (duplicates/old packets)
+}
 
-		// Process application packet
+// processInOrderPacket handles packets received in correct sequence order
-		if appPacket, err := c.processApplicationData(payload); err == nil {
+func (c *Connection) processInOrderPacket(seq uint16, payload []byte) {
+	c.nextInSeq++
+	c.sendAck(seq)
+
+	// Process application data
+	if appPacket, err := c.processApplicationData(payload); err == nil {
+		c.handler.HandlePacket(c, appPacket)
+	}
+
+	// Check for queued out-of-order packets that can now be processed
+	c.processQueuedPackets()
+}
+
+// processQueuedPackets processes any out-of-order packets that are now in sequence
+func (c *Connection) processQueuedPackets() {
+	for {
+		packet, exists := c.outOfOrderMap[c.nextInSeq]
+		if !exists {
+			break
+		}
+
+		delete(c.outOfOrderMap, c.nextInSeq)
+
+		if len(packet.Data) >= 2 {
+			payload := packet.Data[2:]
+			seq := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packet.Data[0:2])
+			c.nextInSeq++
+			c.sendAck(seq)
+
+			if appPacket, err := c.processApplicationData(payload); err == nil {
+				c.handler.HandlePacket(c, appPacket)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// handleFragment processes fragmented packets and reassembles them
+func (c *Connection) handleFragment(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
+	if data, complete, err := c.fragmentMgr.ProcessFragment(packet); err == nil && complete {
+		if appPacket, err := c.processApplicationData(data); err == nil {
 			c.handler.HandlePacket(c, appPacket)
 		}
 	}
 }
 
+// handleCombinedPacket splits combined packets into individual packets
+func (c *Connection) handleCombinedPacket(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
+	if packets, err := ParseCombinedPacket(packet.Data); err == nil {
+		for _, p := range packets {
+			c.ProcessPacket(p.Raw)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// handleAck processes acknowledgment packets
 func (c *Connection) handleAck(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
 	if len(packet.Data) < 2 {
 		return
 	}
 
 	seq := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packet.Data[0:2])
-	// Remove acknowledged packets from retransmit queue
+	c.retransmitQueue.Acknowledge(seq)
-	_ = seq // TODO: implement retransmit queue
+	c.lastAckTime = time.Now()
 }
 
+// handleOutOfOrderAck processes out-of-order acknowledgments
+func (c *Connection) handleOutOfOrderAck(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
+	if len(packet.Data) < 2 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	seq := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packet.Data[0:2])
+	c.retransmitQueue.Acknowledge(seq)
+}
+
+// SendPacket sends an application packet with fragmentation and reliability
+func (c *Connection) SendPacket(packet *ApplicationPacket) {
+	c.mutex.Lock()
+	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	data := packet.Serialize()
+
+	// Handle large packets with fragmentation
+	if fragments := c.fragmentMgr.FragmentPacket(data, c.nextOutSeq); fragments != nil {
+		for _, frag := range fragments {
+			c.sendProtocolPacketWithRetransmit(frag)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Process outbound data (compression, encryption)
+	processedData := c.processOutboundData(data)
+
+	// Create protocol packet with sequence number
+	protocolData := make([]byte, 2+len(processedData))
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(protocolData[0:2], c.nextOutSeq)
+	copy(protocolData[2:], processedData)
+
+	protocolPacket := &ProtocolPacket{
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpPacket,
+		Data:   protocolData,
+	}
+
+	c.sendProtocolPacketWithRetransmit(protocolPacket)
+}
+
+// processOutboundData applies compression and encryption to outgoing data
+func (c *Connection) processOutboundData(data []byte) []byte {
+	// Compress large packets if compression is enabled
+	if c.compressed && len(data) > 128 {
+		if compressed, err := Compress(data); err == nil {
+			data = compressed
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Encrypt data if encryption is enabled
+	if c.crypto.IsEncrypted() {
+		data = c.crypto.Encrypt(data)
+	}
+
+	return data
+}
+
+// processApplicationData decrypts and decompresses incoming application data
 func (c *Connection) processApplicationData(data []byte) (*ApplicationPacket, error) {
-	// Decrypt if needed
+	// Decrypt if encryption is enabled
 	if c.crypto.IsEncrypted() {
 		data = c.crypto.Decrypt(data)
 	}
 
-	// Decompress if needed
+	// Decompress if compression is enabled
 	if c.compressed && len(data) > 0 {
 		var err error
 		data, err = Decompress(data)
@@ -169,38 +328,18 @@ func (c *Connection) processApplicationData(data []byte) (*ApplicationPacket, er
 	return ParseApplicationPacket(data)
 }
 
-func (c *Connection) SendPacket(packet *ApplicationPacket) {
+// sendProtocolPacketWithRetransmit sends a packet and adds it to retransmit queue if needed
-	c.mutex.Lock()
+func (c *Connection) sendProtocolPacketWithRetransmit(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
-	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
+	// Add reliable packets to retransmit queue
-
+	if packet.Opcode == opcodes.OpPacket || packet.Opcode == opcodes.OpFragment {
-	data := packet.Serialize()
+		c.retransmitQueue.Add(packet, c.nextOutSeq)
-
+		c.nextOutSeq++
-	// Compress if needed
-	if c.compressed && len(data) > 128 {
-		if compressed, err := Compress(data); err == nil {
-			data = compressed
-		}
 	}
 
-	// Encrypt if needed
+	c.sendProtocolPacket(packet)
-	if c.crypto.IsEncrypted() {
-		data = c.crypto.Encrypt(data)
-	}
-
-	// Create protocol packet
-	protocolData := make([]byte, 2+len(data))
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(protocolData[0:2], c.nextOutSeq)
-	copy(protocolData[2:], data)
-	c.nextOutSeq++
-
-	protocolPacket := &ProtocolPacket{
-		Opcode: OpPacket,
-		Data:   protocolData,
-	}
-
-	c.sendProtocolPacket(protocolPacket)
 }
 
+// sendSessionResponse sends session establishment response to client
 func (c *Connection) sendSessionResponse() {
 	data := make([]byte, 20)
 	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(data[0:4], c.sessionID)
@@ -221,39 +360,61 @@ func (c *Connection) sendSessionResponse() {
 	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(data[16:20], 0) // UnknownD
 
 	packet := &ProtocolPacket{
-		Opcode: OpSessionResponse,
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpSessionResponse,
 		Data:   data,
 	}
 
 	c.sendProtocolPacket(packet)
 }
 
+// sendAck sends acknowledgment for received packet
 func (c *Connection) sendAck(seq uint16) {
 	data := make([]byte, 2)
 	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(data, seq)
 
 	packet := &ProtocolPacket{
-		Opcode: OpAck,
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpAck,
 		Data:   data,
 	}
 
 	c.sendProtocolPacket(packet)
 }
 
+// sendOutOfOrderAck sends acknowledgment for out-of-order packet
+func (c *Connection) sendOutOfOrderAck(seq uint16) {
+	data := make([]byte, 2)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(data, seq)
+
+	packet := &ProtocolPacket{
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpOutOfOrderAck,
+		Data:   data,
+	}
+
+	c.sendProtocolPacket(packet)
+}
+
+// sendKeepAlive sends keep-alive packet to maintain connection
 func (c *Connection) sendKeepAlive() {
 	packet := &ProtocolPacket{
-		Opcode: OpKeepAlive,
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpKeepAlive,
 		Data:   []byte{},
 	}
 
 	c.sendProtocolPacket(packet)
 }
 
+// sendProtocolPacket sends a protocol packet over UDP
 func (c *Connection) sendProtocolPacket(packet *ProtocolPacket) {
 	data := packet.Serialize()
 	c.conn.WriteToUDP(data, c.addr)
 }
 
+// handleDisconnect processes disconnection request
+func (c *Connection) handleDisconnect() {
+	c.state = StateClosing
+}
+
+// Close gracefully closes the connection
 func (c *Connection) Close() {
 	c.mutex.Lock()
 	defer c.mutex.Unlock()
@@ -261,14 +422,14 @@ func (c *Connection) Close() {
 	if c.state == StateEstablished {
 		c.state = StateClosing
 
-		// Send disconnect
+		// Send disconnect packet
 		disconnectData := make([]byte, 6)
 		binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(disconnectData[0:4], c.sessionID)
 		disconnectData[4] = 0
 		disconnectData[5] = 6
 
 		packet := &ProtocolPacket{
-			Opcode: OpSessionDisconnect,
+			Opcode: opcodes.OpSessionDisconnect,
 			Data:   disconnectData,
 		}
 
@@ -276,4 +437,45 @@ func (c *Connection) Close() {
 	}
 
 	c.state = StateClosed
+	c.retransmitQueue.Clear()
+}
+
+// StartRetransmitLoop begins the retransmission management goroutine
+func (c *Connection) StartRetransmitLoop() {
+	go func() {
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(100 * time.Millisecond)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		for range ticker.C {
+			if c.state == StateClosed {
+				return
+			}
+
+			// Retransmit expired packets
+			for _, entry := range c.retransmitQueue.GetExpired() {
+				c.sendProtocolPacket(entry.Packet)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+// GetState returns the current connection state (thread-safe)
+func (c *Connection) GetState() ConnectionState {
+	c.mutex.RLock()
+	defer c.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return c.state
+}
+
+// GetSessionID returns the session ID (thread-safe)
+func (c *Connection) GetSessionID() uint32 {
+	c.mutex.RLock()
+	defer c.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return c.sessionID
+}
+
+// IsTimedOut checks if connection has timed out
+func (c *Connection) IsTimedOut(timeout time.Duration) bool {
+	c.mutex.RLock()
+	defer c.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return time.Since(c.lastPacketTime) > timeout
 }

internal/udp/crc.go

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+package udp
+
+// EQ2EMu uses a specific CRC32 polynomial (reversed)
+const crcPolynomial = 0xEDB88320
+
+// Pre-computed CRC32 lookup table for fast calculation
+var crcTable [256]uint32
+
+// init builds the CRC lookup table at package initialization
+func init() {
+	for i := range crcTable {
+		crc := uint32(i)
+		for range 8 {
+			if crc&1 == 1 {
+				crc = (crc >> 1) ^ crcPolynomial
+			} else {
+				crc >>= 1
+			}
+		}
+		crcTable[i] = crc
+	}
+}
+
+// CalculateCRC32 computes CRC32 using EQ2EMu's algorithm
+// Returns 16-bit value by truncating the upper bits
+func CalculateCRC32(data []byte) uint16 {
+	crc := uint32(0xFFFFFFFF)
+
+	// Use lookup table for efficient calculation
+	for _, b := range data {
+		crc = crcTable[byte(crc)^b] ^ (crc >> 8)
+	}
+
+	// Return inverted result truncated to 16 bits
+	return uint16(^crc)
+}
+
+// ValidateCRC checks if packet has valid CRC
+// Expects CRC to be the last 2 bytes of data
+func ValidateCRC(data []byte) bool {
+	if len(data) < 2 {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Split payload and CRC
+	payload := data[:len(data)-2]
+	expectedCRC := uint16(data[len(data)-2]) | (uint16(data[len(data)-1]) << 8)
+
+	// Calculate and compare
+	actualCRC := CalculateCRC32(payload)
+	return expectedCRC == actualCRC
+}
+
+// AppendCRC adds 16-bit CRC to the end of data
+func AppendCRC(data []byte) []byte {
+	crc := CalculateCRC32(data)
+	result := make([]byte, len(data)+2)
+	copy(result, data)
+
+	// Append CRC in little-endian format
+	result[len(data)] = byte(crc)
+	result[len(data)+1] = byte(crc >> 8)
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// ValidateAndStrip validates CRC and returns data without CRC suffix
+func ValidateAndStrip(data []byte) ([]byte, bool) {
+	if !ValidateCRC(data) {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return data[:len(data)-2], true
+}

internal/udp/crypto.go

@@ -2,27 +2,49 @@ package udp
 
 import (
 	"crypto/rc4"
+	"fmt"
 )
 
+// Crypto handles RC4 encryption/decryption for EQ2EMu protocol
 type Crypto struct {
-	cipher    *rc4.Cipher
+	clientCipher *rc4.Cipher // Cipher for decrypting client data
-	key       []byte
+	serverCipher *rc4.Cipher // Cipher for encrypting server data
-	encrypted bool
+	key          []byte      // Encryption key
+	encrypted    bool        // Whether encryption is active
 }
 
+// NewCrypto creates a new crypto instance with encryption disabled
 func NewCrypto() *Crypto {
 	return &Crypto{
 		encrypted: false,
 	}
 }
 
+// SetKey initializes RC4 encryption with the given key
+// Creates separate ciphers for client and server with 20-byte priming
 func (c *Crypto) SetKey(key []byte) error {
-	cipher, err := rc4.NewCipher(key)
+	if len(key) == 0 {
-	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("encryption key cannot be empty")
-		return err
 	}
 
-	c.cipher = cipher
+	// Create separate RC4 ciphers for bidirectional communication
+	clientCipher, err := rc4.NewCipher(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create client cipher: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	serverCipher, err := rc4.NewCipher(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create server cipher: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Prime both ciphers with 20 dummy bytes per EQ2EMu protocol
+	dummy := make([]byte, 20)
+	clientCipher.XORKeyStream(dummy, dummy)
+	serverCipher.XORKeyStream(dummy, dummy)
+
+	c.clientCipher = clientCipher
+	c.serverCipher = serverCipher
 	c.key = make([]byte, len(key))
 	copy(c.key, key)
 	c.encrypted = true
@@ -30,28 +52,58 @@ func (c *Crypto) SetKey(key []byte) error {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// IsEncrypted returns whether encryption is currently active
 func (c *Crypto) IsEncrypted() bool {
 	return c.encrypted
 }
 
+// Encrypt encrypts data for transmission to client
 func (c *Crypto) Encrypt(data []byte) []byte {
-	if !c.encrypted {
+	if !c.encrypted || c.serverCipher == nil {
 		return data
 	}
 
 	encrypted := make([]byte, len(data))
 	copy(encrypted, data)
-	c.cipher.XORKeyStream(encrypted, encrypted)
+	c.serverCipher.XORKeyStream(encrypted, encrypted)
 	return encrypted
 }
 
+// Decrypt decrypts data received from client
 func (c *Crypto) Decrypt(data []byte) []byte {
-	if !c.encrypted {
+	if !c.encrypted || c.clientCipher == nil {
 		return data
 	}
 
 	decrypted := make([]byte, len(data))
 	copy(decrypted, data)
-	c.cipher.XORKeyStream(decrypted, decrypted)
+	c.clientCipher.XORKeyStream(decrypted, decrypted)
 	return decrypted
 }
+
+// GetKey returns a copy of the encryption key
+func (c *Crypto) GetKey() []byte {
+	if c.key == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	keyCopy := make([]byte, len(c.key))
+	copy(keyCopy, c.key)
+	return keyCopy
+}
+
+// Reset disables encryption and clears keys
+func (c *Crypto) Reset() {
+	c.clientCipher = nil
+	c.serverCipher = nil
+	c.key = nil
+	c.encrypted = false
+}
+
+// Clone creates a copy of the crypto instance with the same key
+func (c *Crypto) Clone() (*Crypto, error) {
+	newCrypto := NewCrypto()
+	if c.encrypted && c.key != nil {
+		return newCrypto, newCrypto.SetKey(c.key)
+	}
+	return newCrypto, nil
+}

internal/udp/example_test.go

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-package udp
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-)
-
-type TestHandler struct{}
-
-func (h *TestHandler) HandlePacket(conn *Connection, packet *ApplicationPacket) {
-	fmt.Printf("Received packet - Opcode: 0x%04X, Data length: %d\n",
-		packet.Opcode, len(packet.Data))
-
-	// Echo back a response
-	response := &ApplicationPacket{
-		Opcode: OpLoginReplyMsg,
-		Data:   []byte("Hello from server"),
-	}
-	conn.SendPacket(response)
-}
-
-func TestServer(t *testing.T) {
-	handler := &TestHandler{}
-	server, err := NewServer(":9999", handler)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("Failed to create server: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	go func() {
-		if err := server.Start(); err != nil {
-			t.Errorf("Server error: %v", err)
-		}
-	}()
-
-	// Let it run for a bit
-	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
-
-	server.Stop()
-}

internal/udp/fragment.go

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+package udp
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"eq2emu/internal/opcodes"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"sort"
+)
+
+// FragmentManager handles packet fragmentation and reassembly
+type FragmentManager struct {
+	fragments map[uint16]*FragmentGroup // Active fragment groups by base sequence
+	maxLength uint32                    // Maximum packet size before fragmentation
+}
+
+// FragmentGroup tracks fragments belonging to the same original packet
+type FragmentGroup struct {
+	BaseSequence uint16          // Base sequence number
+	TotalLength  uint32          // Expected total reassembled length
+	Fragments    []FragmentPiece // Individual fragment pieces
+	FirstSeen    bool            // Whether we've seen the first fragment
+}
+
+// FragmentPiece represents a single fragment
+type FragmentPiece struct {
+	Sequence uint16 // Fragment sequence number
+	Data     []byte // Fragment payload data
+	IsFirst  bool   // Whether this is the first fragment
+}
+
+// NewFragmentManager creates a manager with specified maximum packet length
+func NewFragmentManager(maxLength uint32) *FragmentManager {
+	return &FragmentManager{
+		fragments: make(map[uint16]*FragmentGroup),
+		maxLength: maxLength,
+	}
+}
+
+// FragmentPacket splits large packets into fragments
+// Returns nil if packet doesn't need fragmentation
+func (fm *FragmentManager) FragmentPacket(data []byte, startSeq uint16) []*ProtocolPacket {
+	if uint32(len(data)) <= fm.maxLength {
+		return nil // No fragmentation needed
+	}
+
+	totalLength := uint32(len(data))
+	chunkSize := int(fm.maxLength - 6) // Reserve 6 bytes for headers
+	if chunkSize <= 0 {
+		chunkSize = 1
+	}
+
+	var packets []*ProtocolPacket
+	seq := startSeq
+
+	for offset := 0; offset < len(data); offset += chunkSize {
+		end := offset + chunkSize
+		if end > len(data) {
+			end = len(data)
+		}
+
+		var fragmentData []byte
+		if offset == 0 {
+			// First fragment includes total length
+			fragmentData = make([]byte, 6+end-offset)
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(fragmentData[0:2], seq)
+			binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(fragmentData[2:6], totalLength)
+			copy(fragmentData[6:], data[offset:end])
+		} else {
+			// Subsequent fragments
+			fragmentData = make([]byte, 2+end-offset)
+			binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(fragmentData[0:2], seq)
+			copy(fragmentData[2:], data[offset:end])
+		}
+
+		packets = append(packets, &ProtocolPacket{
+			Opcode: opcodes.OpFragment,
+			Data:   fragmentData,
+		})
+		seq++
+	}
+
+	return packets
+}
+
+// ProcessFragment handles incoming fragments and returns complete packet when ready
+func (fm *FragmentManager) ProcessFragment(packet *ProtocolPacket) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+	if len(packet.Data) < 2 {
+		return nil, false, errors.New("fragment too small")
+	}
+
+	seq := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(packet.Data[0:2])
+
+	// Parse fragment data
+	fragment := FragmentPiece{Sequence: seq}
+
+	if len(packet.Data) >= 6 {
+		// Check if this is the first fragment (has total length)
+		possibleLength := binary.LittleEndian.Uint32(packet.Data[2:6])
+		if possibleLength > 0 && possibleLength < 10*1024*1024 { // Reasonable limit
+			fragment.IsFirst = true
+			fragment.Data = packet.Data[6:]
+
+			// Create new fragment group
+			group := &FragmentGroup{
+				BaseSequence: seq,
+				TotalLength:  possibleLength,
+				Fragments:    []FragmentPiece{fragment},
+				FirstSeen:    true,
+			}
+			fm.fragments[seq] = group
+
+			return fm.tryAssemble(seq)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Not first fragment - find matching group
+	fragment.Data = packet.Data[2:]
+	group := fm.findFragmentGroup(seq)
+	if group == nil {
+		return nil, false, errors.New("orphaned fragment")
+	}
+
+	group.Fragments = append(group.Fragments, fragment)
+	return fm.tryAssemble(group.BaseSequence)
+}
+
+// findFragmentGroup locates the fragment group for a sequence number
+func (fm *FragmentManager) findFragmentGroup(seq uint16) *FragmentGroup {
+	// Look for groups where this sequence fits
+	for baseSeq, group := range fm.fragments {
+		if seq >= baseSeq && seq < baseSeq+100 { // Reasonable window
+			return group
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// tryAssemble attempts to reassemble fragments into complete packet
+func (fm *FragmentManager) tryAssemble(baseSeq uint16) ([]byte, bool, error) {
+	group, exists := fm.fragments[baseSeq]
+	if !exists || !group.FirstSeen {
+		return nil, false, nil
+	}
+
+	// Calculate expected fragment count
+	chunkSize := int(fm.maxLength - 6)
+	expectedCount := int(group.TotalLength) / chunkSize
+	if int(group.TotalLength)%chunkSize != 0 {
+		expectedCount++
+	}
+
+	if len(group.Fragments) < expectedCount {
+		return nil, false, nil // Still waiting for fragments
+	}
+
+	// Sort fragments by sequence number
+	sort.Slice(group.Fragments, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return group.Fragments[i].Sequence < group.Fragments[j].Sequence
+	})
+
+	// Reassemble packet
+	result := make([]byte, 0, group.TotalLength)
+	for _, frag := range group.Fragments[:expectedCount] {
+		result = append(result, frag.Data...)
+	}
+
+	// Validate length
+	if uint32(len(result)) != group.TotalLength {
+		delete(fm.fragments, baseSeq)
+		return nil, false, fmt.Errorf("assembled length %d != expected %d", len(result), group.TotalLength)
+	}
+
+	// Clean up
+	delete(fm.fragments, baseSeq)
+	return result, true, nil
+}
+
+// CleanupStale removes old incomplete fragment groups
+func (fm *FragmentManager) CleanupStale(maxAge uint16) {
+	// Simple cleanup - remove groups with very old base sequences
+	for baseSeq := range fm.fragments {
+		if baseSeq < maxAge {
+			delete(fm.fragments, baseSeq)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// GetStats returns fragmentation statistics
+func (fm *FragmentManager) GetStats() FragmentStats {
+	return FragmentStats{
+		ActiveGroups: len(fm.fragments),
+		MaxLength:    fm.maxLength,
+	}
+}
+
+// FragmentStats contains fragmentation statistics
+type FragmentStats struct {
+	ActiveGroups int    // Number of incomplete fragment groups
+	MaxLength    uint32 // Maximum packet length setting
+}
+
+// Clear removes all pending fragments
+func (fm *FragmentManager) Clear() {
+	fm.fragments = make(map[uint16]*FragmentGroup)
+}
+
+// SetMaxLength updates the maximum packet length
+func (fm *FragmentManager) SetMaxLength(maxLength uint32) {
+	fm.maxLength = maxLength
+}

internal/udp/opcodes.go

@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-package udp
-
-const (
-	// Protocol opcodes
-	OpSessionRequest      = 0x01
-	OpSessionResponse     = 0x02
-	OpCombined            = 0x03
-	OpSessionDisconnect   = 0x05
-	OpKeepAlive           = 0x06
-	OpServerKeyRequest    = 0x07
-	OpSessionStatResponse = 0x08
-	OpPacket              = 0x09
-	OpFragment            = 0x0D
-	OpOutOfOrderAck       = 0x11
-	OpAck                 = 0x15
-	OpAppCombined         = 0x19
-	OpOutOfSession        = 0x1D
-)
-
-// Application opcodes (examples)
-const (
-	OpLoginRequestMsg             = 0x0001
-	OpLoginReplyMsg               = 0x0002
-	OpAllCharactersDescRequestMsg = 0x0003
-	OpAllCharactersDescReplyMsg   = 0x0004
-	OpCreateCharacterRequestMsg   = 0x0005
-	OpCreateCharacterReplyMsg     = 0x0006
-)

internal/udp/packet.go

@@ -2,53 +2,135 @@ package udp
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"eq2emu/internal/opcodes"
 	"errors"
+	"fmt"
 )
 
+// ProtocolPacket represents a low-level UDP protocol packet with opcode and payload
 type ProtocolPacket struct {
-	Opcode uint8
+	Opcode uint8  // Protocol operation code (1-2 bytes when serialized)
-	Data   []byte
+	Data   []byte // Packet payload data
+	Raw    []byte // Original raw packet data for debugging
 }
 
+// ApplicationPacket represents a higher-level game application packet
 type ApplicationPacket struct {
-	Opcode uint16
+	Opcode uint16 // Application-level operation code
-	Data   []byte
+	Data   []byte // Application payload data
 }
 
+// ParseProtocolPacket parses raw UDP data into a ProtocolPacket
+// Handles variable opcode sizing and CRC validation based on EQ2 protocol
 func ParseProtocolPacket(data []byte) (*ProtocolPacket, error) {
 	if len(data) < 2 {
-		return nil, errors.New("packet too small")
+		return nil, errors.New("packet too small for valid protocol packet")
+	}
+
+	var opcode uint8
+	var dataStart int
+
+	// EQ2 protocol uses 1-byte opcodes normally, 2-byte for opcodes >= 0xFF
+	// When opcode >= 0xFF, it's prefixed with 0x00
+	if data[0] == 0x00 && len(data) > 2 {
+		opcode = data[1]
+		dataStart = 2
+	} else {
+		opcode = data[0]
+		dataStart = 1
+	}
+
+	// Extract payload, handling CRC for non-session packets
+	var payload []byte
+	if requiresCRC(opcode) {
+		if len(data) < dataStart+2 {
+			return nil, errors.New("packet too small for CRC validation")
+		}
+
+		// Payload excludes the 2-byte CRC suffix
+		payload = data[dataStart : len(data)-2]
+
+		// Validate CRC on the entire packet from beginning
+		if !ValidateCRC(data) {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("CRC validation failed for opcode 0x%02X", opcode)
+		}
+	} else {
+		payload = data[dataStart:]
 	}
 
 	return &ProtocolPacket{
-		Opcode: data[1],
+		Opcode: opcode,
-		Data:   data[2:],
+		Data:   payload,
+		Raw:    data,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// Serialize converts ProtocolPacket back to wire format with proper opcode encoding and CRC
 func (p *ProtocolPacket) Serialize() []byte {
-	data := make([]byte, 2+len(p.Data))
+	var result []byte
-	data[0] = 0x00 // Reserved byte
-	data[1] = p.Opcode
-	copy(data[2:], p.Data)
-	return data
-}
 
-func ParseApplicationPacket(data []byte) (*ApplicationPacket, error) {
+	// Handle variable opcode encoding
-	if len(data) < 2 {
+	if p.Opcode >= 0xFF {
-		return nil, errors.New("application packet too small")
+		// 2-byte opcode format: [0x00][actual_opcode][data]
+		result = make([]byte, 2+len(p.Data))
+		result[0] = 0x00
+		result[1] = p.Opcode
+		copy(result[2:], p.Data)
+	} else {
+		// 1-byte opcode format: [opcode][data]
+		result = make([]byte, 1+len(p.Data))
+		result[0] = p.Opcode
+		copy(result[1:], p.Data)
 	}
 
+	// Add CRC for packets that require it
+	if requiresCRC(p.Opcode) {
+		result = AppendCRC(result)
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// ParseApplicationPacket parses application-level packet from decrypted/decompressed data
+func ParseApplicationPacket(data []byte) (*ApplicationPacket, error) {
+	if len(data) < 2 {
+		return nil, errors.New("application packet requires at least 2 bytes for opcode")
+	}
+
+	// Application opcodes are always little-endian 16-bit values
 	opcode := binary.LittleEndian.Uint16(data[0:2])
+
 	return &ApplicationPacket{
 		Opcode: opcode,
 		Data:   data[2:],
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// Serialize converts ApplicationPacket to byte array for transmission
 func (p *ApplicationPacket) Serialize() []byte {
-	data := make([]byte, 2+len(p.Data))
+	result := make([]byte, 2+len(p.Data))
-	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(data[0:2], p.Opcode)
+	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(result[0:2], p.Opcode)
-	copy(data[2:], p.Data)
+	copy(result[2:], p.Data)
-	return data
+	return result
+}
+
+// String provides human-readable representation for debugging
+func (p *ProtocolPacket) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("ProtocolPacket{Opcode: 0x%02X, DataLen: %d}", p.Opcode, len(p.Data))
+}
+
+// String provides human-readable representation for debugging
+func (p *ApplicationPacket) String() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("ApplicationPacket{Opcode: 0x%04X, DataLen: %d}", p.Opcode, len(p.Data))
+}
+
+// requiresCRC determines if a protocol opcode requires CRC validation
+// Session control packets (SessionRequest, SessionResponse, OutOfSession) don't use CRC
+func requiresCRC(opcode uint8) bool {
+	switch opcode {
+	case opcodes.OpSessionRequest, opcodes.OpSessionResponse, opcodes.OpOutOfSession:
+		return false
+	default:
+		return true
+	}
 }

internal/udp/retransmit.go

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+package udp
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// RetransmitEntry tracks a packet awaiting acknowledgment
+type RetransmitEntry struct {
+	Packet    *ProtocolPacket // The packet to retransmit
+	Sequence  uint16          // Packet sequence number
+	Timestamp time.Time       // When packet was last sent
+	Attempts  int             // Number of transmission attempts
+}
+
+// RetransmitQueue manages reliable packet delivery with exponential backoff
+type RetransmitQueue struct {
+	entries     map[uint16]*RetransmitEntry // Pending packets by sequence
+	mutex       sync.RWMutex                // Thread-safe access
+	baseTimeout time.Duration               // Base retransmission timeout
+	maxAttempts int                         // Maximum retry attempts
+	maxTimeout  time.Duration               // Maximum timeout cap
+}
+
+// NewRetransmitQueue creates a queue with default settings
+func NewRetransmitQueue() *RetransmitQueue {
+	return &RetransmitQueue{
+		entries:     make(map[uint16]*RetransmitEntry),
+		baseTimeout: 500 * time.Millisecond,
+		maxAttempts: 5,
+		maxTimeout:  5 * time.Second,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewRetransmitQueueWithConfig creates a queue with custom settings
+func NewRetransmitQueueWithConfig(baseTimeout, maxTimeout time.Duration, maxAttempts int) *RetransmitQueue {
+	return &RetransmitQueue{
+		entries:     make(map[uint16]*RetransmitEntry),
+		baseTimeout: baseTimeout,
+		maxAttempts: maxAttempts,
+		maxTimeout:  maxTimeout,
+	}
+}
+
+// Add queues a packet for potential retransmission
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) Add(packet *ProtocolPacket, sequence uint16) {
+	rq.mutex.Lock()
+	defer rq.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	rq.entries[sequence] = &RetransmitEntry{
+		Packet:    packet,
+		Sequence:  sequence,
+		Timestamp: time.Now(),
+		Attempts:  1,
+	}
+}
+
+// Acknowledge removes a packet from the retransmit queue
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) Acknowledge(sequence uint16) bool {
+	rq.mutex.Lock()
+	defer rq.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	_, existed := rq.entries[sequence]
+	delete(rq.entries, sequence)
+	return existed
+}
+
+// GetExpired returns packets that need retransmission
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) GetExpired() []*RetransmitEntry {
+	rq.mutex.Lock()
+	defer rq.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	var expired []*RetransmitEntry
+
+	for seq, entry := range rq.entries {
+		timeout := rq.calculateTimeout(entry.Attempts)
+
+		if now.Sub(entry.Timestamp) > timeout {
+			if entry.Attempts >= rq.maxAttempts {
+				// Give up after max attempts
+				delete(rq.entries, seq)
+			} else {
+				// Schedule for retransmission
+				entry.Attempts++
+				entry.Timestamp = now
+				expired = append(expired, entry)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return expired
+}
+
+// calculateTimeout computes timeout with exponential backoff
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) calculateTimeout(attempts int) time.Duration {
+	timeout := rq.baseTimeout * time.Duration(attempts*attempts) // Quadratic backoff
+	if timeout > rq.maxTimeout {
+		timeout = rq.maxTimeout
+	}
+	return timeout
+}
+
+// Clear removes all pending packets
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) Clear() {
+	rq.mutex.Lock()
+	defer rq.mutex.Unlock()
+	rq.entries = make(map[uint16]*RetransmitEntry)
+}
+
+// Size returns the number of pending packets
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) Size() int {
+	rq.mutex.RLock()
+	defer rq.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return len(rq.entries)
+}
+
+// GetPendingSequences returns all sequence numbers awaiting acknowledgment
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) GetPendingSequences() []uint16 {
+	rq.mutex.RLock()
+	defer rq.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	sequences := make([]uint16, 0, len(rq.entries))
+	for seq := range rq.entries {
+		sequences = append(sequences, seq)
+	}
+	return sequences
+}
+
+// IsEmpty returns true if no packets are pending
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) IsEmpty() bool {
+	rq.mutex.RLock()
+	defer rq.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return len(rq.entries) == 0
+}
+
+// SetBaseTimeout updates the base retransmission timeout
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) SetBaseTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	rq.mutex.Lock()
+	defer rq.mutex.Unlock()
+	rq.baseTimeout = timeout
+}
+
+// SetMaxAttempts updates the maximum retry attempts
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) SetMaxAttempts(attempts int) {
+	rq.mutex.Lock()
+	defer rq.mutex.Unlock()
+	rq.maxAttempts = attempts
+}
+
+// SetMaxTimeout updates the maximum timeout cap
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) SetMaxTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	rq.mutex.Lock()
+	defer rq.mutex.Unlock()
+	rq.maxTimeout = timeout
+}
+
+// GetStats returns retransmission statistics
+func (rq *RetransmitQueue) GetStats() RetransmitStats {
+	rq.mutex.RLock()
+	defer rq.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	stats := RetransmitStats{
+		PendingCount: len(rq.entries),
+		BaseTimeout:  rq.baseTimeout,
+		MaxAttempts:  rq.maxAttempts,
+		MaxTimeout:   rq.maxTimeout,
+	}
+
+	// Calculate attempt distribution
+	for _, entry := range rq.entries {
+		if entry.Attempts == 1 {
+			stats.FirstAttempts++
+		} else {
+			stats.Retransmissions++
+		}
+	}
+
+	return stats
+}
+
+// RetransmitStats contains retransmission queue statistics
+type RetransmitStats struct {
+	PendingCount    int           // Total pending packets
+	FirstAttempts   int           // Packets on first attempt
+	Retransmissions int           // Packets being retransmitted
+	BaseTimeout     time.Duration // Base timeout setting
+	MaxAttempts     int           // Maximum attempts setting
+	MaxTimeout      time.Duration // Maximum timeout setting
+}

internal/udp/server.go

@@ -7,44 +7,81 @@ import (
 	"time"
 )
 
+// Server manages multiple UDP connections and handles packet routing
 type Server struct {
-	conn        *net.UDPConn
+	conn        *net.UDPConn           // Main UDP socket
-	connections map[string]*Connection
+	connections map[string]*Connection // Active connections by address
-	mutex       sync.RWMutex
+	mutex       sync.RWMutex           // Protects connections map
-	handler     PacketHandler
+	handler     PacketHandler          // Application packet handler
-	running     bool
+	running     bool                   // Server running state
+
+	// Configuration
+	maxConnections int           // Maximum concurrent connections
+	timeout        time.Duration // Connection timeout duration
 }
 
+// PacketHandler processes application-level packets for connections
 type PacketHandler interface {
 	HandlePacket(conn *Connection, packet *ApplicationPacket)
 }
 
+// ServerConfig holds server configuration options
+type ServerConfig struct {
+	MaxConnections int           // Maximum concurrent connections (default: 1000)
+	Timeout        time.Duration // Connection timeout (default: 45s)
+	BufferSize     int           // UDP receive buffer size (default: 8192)
+}
+
+// DefaultServerConfig returns sensible default configuration
+func DefaultServerConfig() ServerConfig {
+	return ServerConfig{
+		MaxConnections: 1000,
+		Timeout:        45 * time.Second,
+		BufferSize:     8192,
+	}
+}
+
+// NewServer creates a new UDP server instance
 func NewServer(addr string, handler PacketHandler) (*Server, error) {
+	return NewServerWithConfig(addr, handler, DefaultServerConfig())
+}
+
+// NewServerWithConfig creates a server with custom configuration
+func NewServerWithConfig(addr string, handler PacketHandler, config ServerConfig) (*Server, error) {
 	udpAddr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", addr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid UDP address %s: %w", addr, err)
 	}
 
 	conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", udpAddr)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to listen on %s: %w", addr, err)
+	}
+
+	// Set socket buffer size for better performance
+	if config.BufferSize > 0 {
+		conn.SetReadBuffer(config.BufferSize)
+		conn.SetWriteBuffer(config.BufferSize)
 	}
 
 	return &Server{
-		conn:        conn,
+		conn:           conn,
-		connections: make(map[string]*Connection),
+		connections:    make(map[string]*Connection),
-		handler:     handler,
+		handler:        handler,
+		maxConnections: config.MaxConnections,
+		timeout:        config.Timeout,
 	}, nil
 }
 
+// Start begins accepting and processing UDP packets
 func (s *Server) Start() error {
 	s.running = true
 
-	// Start connection timeout checker
+	// Start background management tasks
-	go s.timeoutChecker()
+	go s.connectionManager()
 
 	// Main packet receive loop
-	buffer := make([]byte, 2048)
+	buffer := make([]byte, 8192)
 	for s.running {
 		n, addr, err := s.conn.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -54,36 +91,59 @@ func (s *Server) Start() error {
 			continue
 		}
 
-		go s.handlePacket(buffer[:n], addr)
+		// Handle packet in separate goroutine to avoid blocking
+		go s.handleIncomingPacket(buffer[:n], addr)
 	}
 
 	return nil
 }
 
+// Stop gracefully shuts down the server
 func (s *Server) Stop() {
 	s.running = false
+
+	// Close all connections
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	for _, conn := range s.connections {
+		conn.Close()
+	}
+	s.connections = make(map[string]*Connection)
+	s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	// Close UDP socket
 	s.conn.Close()
 }
 
-func (s *Server) handlePacket(data []byte, addr *net.UDPAddr) {
+// handleIncomingPacket processes a single UDP packet
-	if len(data) < 2 {
+func (s *Server) handleIncomingPacket(data []byte, addr *net.UDPAddr) {
+	if len(data) < 1 {
 		return
 	}
 
 	connKey := addr.String()
 
+	// Find or create connection
 	s.mutex.Lock()
 	conn, exists := s.connections[connKey]
 	if !exists {
+		// Check connection limit
+		if len(s.connections) >= s.maxConnections {
+			s.mutex.Unlock()
+			return // Drop packet if at capacity
+		}
+
 		conn = NewConnection(addr, s.conn, s.handler)
+		conn.StartRetransmitLoop()
 		s.connections[connKey] = conn
 	}
 	s.mutex.Unlock()
 
+	// Process packet
 	conn.ProcessPacket(data)
 }
 
-func (s *Server) timeoutChecker() {
+// connectionManager handles connection cleanup and maintenance
+func (s *Server) connectionManager() {
 	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
 	defer ticker.Stop()
 
@@ -92,14 +152,104 @@ func (s *Server) timeoutChecker() {
 			return
 		}
 
-		now := time.Now()
+		// Clean up timed out connections
-		s.mutex.Lock()
+		s.cleanupTimedOutConnections()
-		for key, conn := range s.connections {
-			if now.Sub(conn.lastPacketTime) > 45*time.Second {
-				conn.Close()
-				delete(s.connections, key)
-			}
-		}
-		s.mutex.Unlock()
 	}
 }
+
+// cleanupTimedOutConnections removes connections that have timed out
+func (s *Server) cleanupTimedOutConnections() {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	for key, conn := range s.connections {
+		if conn.IsTimedOut(s.timeout) {
+			conn.Close()
+			delete(s.connections, key)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// GetConnectionCount returns the number of active connections
+func (s *Server) GetConnectionCount() int {
+	s.mutex.RLock()
+	defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return len(s.connections)
+}
+
+// GetConnection returns a connection by address string
+func (s *Server) GetConnection(addr string) *Connection {
+	s.mutex.RLock()
+	defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
+	return s.connections[addr]
+}
+
+// GetAllConnections returns a snapshot of all active connections
+func (s *Server) GetAllConnections() []*Connection {
+	s.mutex.RLock()
+	defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	connections := make([]*Connection, 0, len(s.connections))
+	for _, conn := range s.connections {
+		connections = append(connections, conn)
+	}
+	return connections
+}
+
+// BroadcastPacket sends a packet to all connected clients
+func (s *Server) BroadcastPacket(packet *ApplicationPacket) {
+	connections := s.GetAllConnections()
+	for _, conn := range connections {
+		if conn.GetState() == StateEstablished {
+			conn.SendPacket(packet)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// DisconnectClient forcibly disconnects a client by address
+func (s *Server) DisconnectClient(addr string) bool {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	if conn, exists := s.connections[addr]; exists {
+		conn.Close()
+		delete(s.connections, addr)
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// GetStats returns server statistics
+func (s *Server) GetStats() ServerStats {
+	s.mutex.RLock()
+	defer s.mutex.RUnlock()
+
+	return ServerStats{
+		ConnectionCount: len(s.connections),
+		MaxConnections:  s.maxConnections,
+		Running:         s.running,
+		Timeout:         s.timeout,
+	}
+}
+
+// ServerStats contains server runtime statistics
+type ServerStats struct {
+	ConnectionCount int           // Current number of connections
+	MaxConnections  int           // Maximum allowed connections
+	Running         bool          // Whether server is running
+	Timeout         time.Duration // Connection timeout setting
+}
+
+// SetConnectionLimit updates the maximum connection limit
+func (s *Server) SetConnectionLimit(limit int) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+	s.maxConnections = limit
+}
+
+// SetTimeout updates the connection timeout duration
+func (s *Server) SetTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	s.mutex.Lock()
+	defer s.mutex.Unlock()
+	s.timeout = timeout
+}

internal/udp/udp_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,422 @@
+package udp
+
+import (
+	"eq2emu/internal/opcodes"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TestHandler implements PacketHandler for testing
+type TestHandler struct {
+	receivedPackets []*ApplicationPacket
+	mutex           sync.Mutex
+}
+
+// HandlePacket processes received packets and stores them for verification
+func (h *TestHandler) HandlePacket(conn *Connection, packet *ApplicationPacket) {
+	h.mutex.Lock()
+	defer h.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	h.receivedPackets = append(h.receivedPackets, packet)
+	fmt.Printf("Received packet - Opcode: 0x%04X, Data length: %d\n",
+		packet.Opcode, len(packet.Data))
+
+	// Echo back a response for interactive testing
+	response := &ApplicationPacket{
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpLoginReplyMsg,
+		Data:   []byte("Hello from server"),
+	}
+	conn.SendPacket(response)
+}
+
+// GetReceivedPackets returns a copy of all received packets
+func (h *TestHandler) GetReceivedPackets() []*ApplicationPacket {
+	h.mutex.Lock()
+	defer h.mutex.Unlock()
+
+	packets := make([]*ApplicationPacket, len(h.receivedPackets))
+	copy(packets, h.receivedPackets)
+	return packets
+}
+
+// Clear removes all received packets
+func (h *TestHandler) Clear() {
+	h.mutex.Lock()
+	defer h.mutex.Unlock()
+	h.receivedPackets = nil
+}
+
+// TestServer tests basic server creation and startup
+func TestServer(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := &TestHandler{}
+	server, err := NewServer(":9999", handler)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Start server in goroutine
+	go func() {
+		if err := server.Start(); err != nil {
+			t.Errorf("Server error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Let it run briefly
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Verify server is running
+	if server.GetConnectionCount() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 0 connections, got %d", server.GetConnectionCount())
+	}
+
+	server.Stop()
+}
+
+// TestServerConfig tests server configuration options
+func TestServerConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := &TestHandler{}
+	config := ServerConfig{
+		MaxConnections: 10,
+		Timeout:        30 * time.Second,
+		BufferSize:     4096,
+	}
+
+	server, err := NewServerWithConfig(":9998", handler, config)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create server with config: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	stats := server.GetStats()
+	if stats.MaxConnections != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected max connections 10, got %d", stats.MaxConnections)
+	}
+	if stats.Timeout != 30*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("Expected timeout 30s, got %v", stats.Timeout)
+	}
+
+	server.Stop()
+}
+
+// TestPacketParsing tests protocol packet parsing
+func TestPacketParsing(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test 1-byte opcode with CRC
+	payload1 := []byte{0x01, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F}
+	data1 := AppendCRC(payload1)
+	packet1, err := ParseProtocolPacket(data1)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse 1-byte opcode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if packet1.Opcode != 0x01 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected opcode 0x01, got 0x%02X", packet1.Opcode)
+	}
+
+	// Test 2-byte opcode with CRC
+	payload2 := []byte{0x00, 0xFF, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F}
+	data2 := AppendCRC(payload2)
+	packet2, err := ParseProtocolPacket(data2)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse 2-byte opcode: %v", err)
+	}
+	if packet2.Opcode != 0xFF {
+		t.Errorf("Expected opcode 0xFF, got 0x%02X", packet2.Opcode)
+	}
+
+	// Test session packet (no CRC required)
+	sessionData := []byte{opcodes.OpSessionRequest, 0x48, 0x65, 0x6C, 0x6C, 0x6F}
+	sessionPacket, err := ParseProtocolPacket(sessionData)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse session packet: %v", err)
+	}
+	if sessionPacket.Opcode != opcodes.OpSessionRequest {
+		t.Errorf("Expected session request opcode, got 0x%02X", sessionPacket.Opcode)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCRC tests CRC calculation and validation
+func TestCRC(t *testing.T) {
+	data := []byte("Hello, World!")
+
+	// Append CRC and validate
+	withCRC := AppendCRC(data)
+	if !ValidateCRC(withCRC) {
+		t.Error("CRC validation failed for correct data")
+	}
+
+	// Test with corrupted data
+	corrupted := make([]byte, len(withCRC))
+	copy(corrupted, withCRC)
+	corrupted[0] ^= 0xFF // Flip bits
+
+	if ValidateCRC(corrupted) {
+		t.Error("CRC validation passed for corrupted data")
+	}
+
+	// Test ValidateAndStrip
+	stripped, valid := ValidateAndStrip(withCRC)
+	if !valid {
+		t.Error("ValidateAndStrip failed for valid data")
+	}
+	if string(stripped) != string(data) {
+		t.Error("Stripped data doesn't match original")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCompression tests data compression and decompression
+func TestCompression(t *testing.T) {
+	testData := []byte("This is a test string that should compress well because it has repetitive patterns.")
+
+	compressed, err := Compress(testData)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Compression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	decompressed, err := Decompress(compressed)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Decompression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if string(decompressed) != string(testData) {
+		t.Error("Decompressed data doesn't match original")
+	}
+
+	// Test empty data
+	empty, err := Compress([]byte{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Empty compression failed: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(empty) != 1 || empty[0] != UncompressedMarker {
+		t.Error("Empty data compression incorrect")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCrypto tests RC4 encryption and decryption
+func TestCrypto(t *testing.T) {
+	crypto := NewCrypto()
+	key := []byte{0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04}
+
+	err := crypto.SetKey(key)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("SetKey failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !crypto.IsEncrypted() {
+		t.Error("Crypto should be encrypted after SetKey")
+	}
+
+	testData := []byte("Hello, World!")
+	encrypted := crypto.Encrypt(testData)
+	decrypted := crypto.Decrypt(encrypted)
+
+	if string(decrypted) != string(testData) {
+		t.Error("Decrypted data doesn't match original")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestRetransmitQueue tests packet retransmission logic
+func TestRetransmitQueue(t *testing.T) {
+	rq := NewRetransmitQueue()
+
+	packet := &ProtocolPacket{
+		Opcode: opcodes.OpPacket,
+		Data:   []byte("test"),
+	}
+
+	// Add packet
+	rq.Add(packet, 1)
+	if rq.Size() != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected size 1, got %d", rq.Size())
+	}
+
+	// Acknowledge packet
+	acked := rq.Acknowledge(1)
+	if !acked {
+		t.Error("Acknowledge should return true for existing packet")
+	}
+	if rq.Size() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected size 0 after ack, got %d", rq.Size())
+	}
+
+	// Test non-existent acknowledgment
+	acked = rq.Acknowledge(999)
+	if acked {
+		t.Error("Acknowledge should return false for non-existent packet")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFragmentation tests packet fragmentation and reassembly
+func TestFragmentation(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFragmentManager(100) // Small max length to force fragmentation
+
+	// Create large test data
+	largeData := make([]byte, 300)
+	for i := range largeData {
+		largeData[i] = byte(i % 256)
+	}
+
+	// Fragment the data
+	fragments := fm.FragmentPacket(largeData, 1)
+	if fragments == nil {
+		t.Fatal("Expected fragmentation for large data")
+	}
+	if len(fragments) < 2 {
+		t.Error("Expected multiple fragments")
+	}
+
+	// Reassemble fragments
+	var reassembled []byte
+	complete := false
+	for _, frag := range fragments {
+		data, isComplete, err := fm.ProcessFragment(frag)
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Fragment processing failed: %v", err)
+		}
+		if isComplete {
+			reassembled = data
+			complete = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !complete {
+		t.Error("Fragmentation did not complete")
+	}
+	if len(reassembled) != len(largeData) {
+		t.Errorf("Reassembled length %d != original %d", len(reassembled), len(largeData))
+	}
+	for i, b := range reassembled {
+		if b != largeData[i] {
+			t.Errorf("Reassembled data differs at position %d", i)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPacketCombining tests packet combination functionality
+func TestPacketCombining(t *testing.T) {
+	combiner := NewPacketCombiner()
+
+	// Add small packets - use session opcodes that don't require CRC
+	packet1 := &ProtocolPacket{Opcode: opcodes.OpSessionRequest, Data: []byte("test1")}
+	packet2 := &ProtocolPacket{Opcode: opcodes.OpSessionRequest, Data: []byte("test2")}
+
+	combiner.AddPacket(packet1)
+	combiner.AddPacket(packet2)
+
+	if combiner.GetPendingCount() != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 2 pending packets, got %d", combiner.GetPendingCount())
+	}
+
+	// Flush combined
+	combined := combiner.FlushCombined()
+	if len(combined) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 combined packet, got %d", len(combined))
+	}
+	if combined[0].Opcode != opcodes.OpCombined {
+		t.Error("Combined packet should have OpCombined opcode")
+	}
+
+	// Parse combined packet
+	parsed, err := ParseCombinedPacket(combined[0].Data)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse combined packet: %v", err)
+	}
+	if len(parsed) != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 2 parsed packets, got %d", len(parsed))
+	}
+}
+
+// TestConnection tests basic connection functionality
+func TestConnection(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := &TestHandler{}
+	addr, _ := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	conn, _ := net.ListenUDP("udp", addr)
+	defer conn.Close()
+
+	connection := NewConnection(addr, conn, handler)
+
+	if connection.GetState() != StateClosed {
+		t.Error("New connection should be in closed state")
+	}
+
+	// Test session ID
+	if connection.GetSessionID() != 0 {
+		t.Error("New connection should have session ID 0")
+	}
+
+	// Test timeout
+	if !connection.IsTimedOut(time.Nanosecond) {
+		t.Error("New connection should be timed out with very short timeout")
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkCRC benchmarks CRC calculation performance
+func BenchmarkCRC(b *testing.B) {
+	data := make([]byte, 1024)
+	for i := range data {
+		data[i] = byte(i)
+	}
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		CalculateCRC32(data)
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkCompression benchmarks compression performance
+func BenchmarkCompression(b *testing.B) {
+	data := make([]byte, 1024)
+	for i := range data {
+		data[i] = byte(i % 256)
+	}
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		compressed, _ := Compress(data)
+		Decompress(compressed)
+	}
+}
+
+// BenchmarkEncryption benchmarks encryption performance
+func BenchmarkEncryption(b *testing.B) {
+	crypto := NewCrypto()
+	crypto.SetKey([]byte{1, 2, 3, 4})
+
+	data := make([]byte, 1024)
+	for i := range data {
+		data[i] = byte(i)
+	}
+
+	b.ResetTimer()
+	for range b.N {
+		encrypted := crypto.Encrypt(data)
+		crypto.Decrypt(encrypted)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestIntegration performs a basic integration test
+func TestIntegration(t *testing.T) {
+	handler := &TestHandler{}
+	server, err := NewServer(":0", handler) // Use any available port
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Failed to create server: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Start server
+	go server.Start()
+	defer server.Stop()
+
+	// Wait for server to start
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	// Basic integration test - server should be running with 0 connections
+	stats := server.GetStats()
+	if !stats.Running {
+		t.Error("Server should be running")
+	}
+	if stats.ConnectionCount != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 0 connections, got %d", stats.ConnectionCount)
+	}
+}