add table support to sessions, fix root lua path, optimize sesison manager

http/server.go

@@ -164,7 +164,8 @@ func (s *Server) handleLuaRoute(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx, bytecode []byte, scrip
 
 	session := s.sessionManager.GetSessionFromRequest(ctx)
 	sessionMap["id"] = session.ID
-	sessionMap["data"] = session.Data
+
+	sessionMap["data"] = session.GetAll() // This now returns a deep copy
 
 	luaCtx.Set("method", method)
 	luaCtx.Set("path", path)
@@ -209,11 +210,12 @@ func (s *Server) handleLuaRoute(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx, bytecode []byte, scrip
 		delete(response.SessionData, "__clear_all")
 	}
 
+	// Apply session changes - now supports nested tables
 	for k, v := range response.SessionData {
 		if v == "__SESSION_DELETE_MARKER__" {
 			session.Delete(k)
 		} else {
-			session.Set(k, v)
+			session.Set(k, v) // This will handle tables through marshalling
 		}
 	}
 

routers/luaRouter.go

@@ -485,6 +485,15 @@ func (r *LuaRouter) Match(method, path string, params *Params) (*node, bool) {
 
 // matchPath recursively matches a path against the routing tree
 func (r *LuaRouter) matchPath(current *node, segments []string, params *Params, depth int) (*node, bool) {
+	// Filter empty segments
+	filteredSegments := segments[:0]
+	for _, segment := range segments {
+		if segment != "" {
+			filteredSegments = append(filteredSegments, segment)
+		}
+	}
+	segments = filteredSegments
+
 	if len(segments) == 0 {
 		if current.handler != "" {
 			return current, true

sessions/manager.go

@@ -20,40 +20,25 @@ const (
 // SessionManager handles multiple sessions
 type SessionManager struct {
 	cache          *fastcache.Cache
-	maxSessions    int
 	cookieName     string
 	cookiePath     string
 	cookieDomain   string
 	cookieSecure   bool
 	cookieHTTPOnly bool
 	cookieMaxAge   int
-	cookieMu       sync.RWMutex // Only cookie options need a mutex
+	cookieMu       sync.RWMutex
 	cleanupTicker  *time.Ticker
 	cleanupDone    chan struct{}
 }
 
-// InitializeSessionPool pre-allocates session objects
-func InitializeSessionPool(size int) {
-	for range size {
-		session := &Session{
-			Data: make(map[string]any, 8),
-		}
-		ReturnToPool(session)
-	}
-}
-
 // NewSessionManager creates a new session manager
 func NewSessionManager(maxSessions int) *SessionManager {
 	if maxSessions <= 0 {
 		maxSessions = DefaultMaxSessions
 	}
 
-	// Estimate max memory: ~4KB per session × maxSessions
-	maxBytes := maxSessions * 4096
-
 	sm := &SessionManager{
-		cache:          fastcache.New(maxBytes),
+		cache:          fastcache.New(maxSessions * 4096),
-		maxSessions:    maxSessions,
 		cookieName:     DefaultCookieName,
 		cookiePath:     DefaultCookiePath,
 		cookieHTTPOnly: true,
@@ -61,10 +46,12 @@ func NewSessionManager(maxSessions int) *SessionManager {
 		cleanupDone:    make(chan struct{}),
 	}
 
-	// Pre-allocate session objects for common pool size
+	// Pre-populate session pool
-	InitializeSessionPool(100) // Adjust based on expected concurrent requests
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		s := NewSession("", 0)
+		s.Release()
+	}
 
-	// Start periodic cleanup
 	sm.cleanupTicker = time.NewTicker(CleanupInterval)
 	go sm.cleanupRoutine()
 
@@ -76,7 +63,6 @@ func (sm *SessionManager) Stop() {
 	close(sm.cleanupDone)
 }
 
-// cleanupRoutine periodically removes expired sessions
 func (sm *SessionManager) cleanupRoutine() {
 	for {
 		select {
@@ -89,124 +75,80 @@ func (sm *SessionManager) cleanupRoutine() {
 	}
 }
 
-// generateSessionID creates a random session ID
-func generateSessionID() string {
-	id, _ := gonanoid.New()
-	return id
-}
-
 // GetSession retrieves a session by ID, or creates a new one if it doesn't exist
 func (sm *SessionManager) GetSession(id string) *Session {
-	// Try to get an existing session
 	if id != "" {
-		data := sm.cache.Get(nil, []byte(id))
+		if data := sm.cache.Get(nil, []byte(id)); len(data) > 0 {
-		if len(data) > 0 {
+			if s, err := Unmarshal(data); err == nil && !s.IsExpired() {
-			session, err := Unmarshal(data)
+				s.UpdateLastUsed()
-			if err == nil && !session.IsExpired() {
+				s.ResetDirty()
-				session.UpdateLastUsed()
+				return s
-				session.ResetDirty() // Start clean
-				return session
 			}
-			// Session expired or corrupt, remove it
 			sm.cache.Del([]byte(id))
 		}
 	}
-
-	// Create a new session
 	return sm.CreateSession()
 }
 
 // CreateSession generates a new session with a unique ID
 func (sm *SessionManager) CreateSession() *Session {
-	id := generateSessionID()
+	id, _ := gonanoid.New()
 
-	// Ensure ID uniqueness
+	// Ensure uniqueness (max 3 attempts)
-	attempts := 0
+	for i := 0; i < 3 && sm.cache.Has([]byte(id)); i++ {
-	for attempts < 3 {
+		id, _ = gonanoid.New()
-		if sm.cache.Has([]byte(id)) {
-			id = generateSessionID()
-			attempts++
-		} else {
-			break
-		}
 	}
 
-	session := NewSession(id, sm.cookieMaxAge)
+	s := NewSession(id, sm.cookieMaxAge)
-
+	if data, err := s.Marshal(); err == nil {
-	// Serialize and store the session
-	if data, err := session.Marshal(); err == nil {
 		sm.cache.Set([]byte(id), data)
 	}
-
+	s.ResetDirty()
-	session.ResetDirty() // Start clean
+	return s
-	return session
 }
 
 // DestroySession removes a session
 func (sm *SessionManager) DestroySession(id string) {
-	// Get and clean session from cache before deleting
+	if data := sm.cache.Get(nil, []byte(id)); len(data) > 0 {
-	data := sm.cache.Get(nil, []byte(id))
+		if s, err := Unmarshal(data); err == nil {
-	if len(data) > 0 {
+			s.Release()
-		if session, err := Unmarshal(data); err == nil {
-			ReturnToPool(session)
 		}
 	}
-
 	sm.cache.Del([]byte(id))
 }
 
 // CleanupExpired removes all expired sessions
-// Note: fastcache doesn't provide iteration, so we can't clean all expired sessions
-// This is a limitation of this implementation
 func (sm *SessionManager) CleanupExpired() int {
-	// No way to iterate through all keys in fastcache
+	// fastcache doesn't support iteration
-	// We'd need to track expiring sessions separately
 	return 0
 }
 
 // SetCookieOptions configures cookie parameters
 func (sm *SessionManager) SetCookieOptions(name, path, domain string, secure, httpOnly bool, maxAge int) {
 	sm.cookieMu.Lock()
-	defer sm.cookieMu.Unlock()
-
 	sm.cookieName = name
 	sm.cookiePath = path
 	sm.cookieDomain = domain
 	sm.cookieSecure = secure
 	sm.cookieHTTPOnly = httpOnly
 	sm.cookieMaxAge = maxAge
+	sm.cookieMu.Unlock()
 }
 
 // GetSessionFromRequest extracts the session from a request
 func (sm *SessionManager) GetSessionFromRequest(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx) *Session {
 	sm.cookieMu.RLock()
-	cookieName := sm.cookieName
+	name := sm.cookieName
 	sm.cookieMu.RUnlock()
 
-	cookie := ctx.Request.Header.Cookie(cookieName)
+	if cookie := ctx.Request.Header.Cookie(name); len(cookie) > 0 {
-	if len(cookie) == 0 {
-		return sm.CreateSession()
-	}
-
 		return sm.GetSession(string(cookie))
+	}
+	return sm.CreateSession()
 }
 
 // ApplySessionCookie adds the session cookie to the response
 func (sm *SessionManager) ApplySessionCookie(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx, session *Session) {
-	cookie := fasthttp.AcquireCookie()
-	defer fasthttp.ReleaseCookie(cookie)
-
-	// Get cookie options with minimal lock time
-	sm.cookieMu.RLock()
-	cookieName := sm.cookieName
-	cookiePath := sm.cookiePath
-	cookieDomain := sm.cookieDomain
-	cookieSecure := sm.cookieSecure
-	cookieHTTPOnly := sm.cookieHTTPOnly
-	cookieMaxAge := sm.cookieMaxAge
-	sm.cookieMu.RUnlock()
-
-	// Store updated session only if it has changes
 	if session.IsDirty() {
 		if data, err := session.Marshal(); err == nil {
 			sm.cache.Set([]byte(session.ID), data)
@@ -214,18 +156,21 @@ func (sm *SessionManager) ApplySessionCookie(ctx *fasthttp.RequestCtx, session *
 		session.ResetDirty()
 	}
 
-	cookie.SetKey(cookieName)
+	cookie := fasthttp.AcquireCookie()
-	cookie.SetValue(session.ID)
+	defer fasthttp.ReleaseCookie(cookie)
-	cookie.SetPath(cookiePath)
-	cookie.SetHTTPOnly(cookieHTTPOnly)
-	cookie.SetMaxAge(cookieMaxAge)
 
-	if cookieDomain != "" {
+	sm.cookieMu.RLock()
-		cookie.SetDomain(cookieDomain)
+	cookie.SetKey(sm.cookieName)
+	cookie.SetPath(sm.cookiePath)
+	cookie.SetHTTPOnly(sm.cookieHTTPOnly)
+	cookie.SetMaxAge(sm.cookieMaxAge)
+	if sm.cookieDomain != "" {
+		cookie.SetDomain(sm.cookieDomain)
 	}
+	cookie.SetSecure(sm.cookieSecure)
+	sm.cookieMu.RUnlock()
 
-	cookie.SetSecure(cookieSecure)
+	cookie.SetValue(session.ID)
-
 	ctx.Response.Header.SetCookie(cookie)
 }
 
@@ -244,9 +189,6 @@ func (sm *SessionManager) CookieOptions() map[string]any {
 	}
 }
 
-// GlobalSessionManager is the default session manager instance
-var GlobalSessionManager = NewSessionManager(DefaultMaxSessions)
-
 // GetCacheStats returns statistics about the session cache
 func (sm *SessionManager) GetCacheStats() map[string]uint64 {
 	if sm == nil || sm.cache == nil {
@@ -265,3 +207,6 @@ func (sm *SessionManager) GetCacheStats() map[string]uint64 {
 		"misses":    stats.Misses,
 	}
 }
+
+// GlobalSessionManager is the default session manager instance
+var GlobalSessionManager = NewSessionManager(DefaultMaxSessions)

sessions/session.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package sessions
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"sync"
 	"time"
 
@@ -16,67 +17,66 @@ type Session struct {
 	UpdatedAt time.Time
 	LastUsed  time.Time
 	Expiry    time.Time
-	dirty     bool // Tracks if session has changes, not serialized
+	dirty     bool
 }
 
-// Session pool to reduce allocations
+var (
-var sessionPool = sync.Pool{
+	sessionPool = sync.Pool{
 		New: func() any {
-		return &Session{
+			return &Session{Data: make(map[string]any, 8)}
-			Data: make(map[string]any, 8),
-		}
 		},
-}
-
-// BufPool for reusing serialization buffers
-var bufPool = benc.NewBufPool(benc.WithBufferSize(4096))
-
-// GetFromPool retrieves a session from the pool
-func GetFromPool() *Session {
-	return sessionPool.Get().(*Session)
-}
-
-// ReturnToPool returns a session to the pool after cleaning it
-func ReturnToPool(s *Session) {
-	if s == nil {
-		return
 	}
-
+	bufPool = benc.NewBufPool(benc.WithBufferSize(4096))
-	// Clean the session for reuse
+)
-	s.ID = ""
-	for k := range s.Data {
-		delete(s.Data, k)
-	}
-	s.CreatedAt = time.Time{}
-	s.UpdatedAt = time.Time{}
-	s.LastUsed = time.Time{}
-	s.Expiry = time.Time{}
-	s.dirty = false
-
-	sessionPool.Put(s)
-}
 
 // NewSession creates a new session with the given ID
 func NewSession(id string, maxAge int) *Session {
+	s := sessionPool.Get().(*Session)
 	now := time.Now()
-
+	*s = Session{
-	// Get from pool or create new
+		ID:        id,
-	session := GetFromPool()
+		Data:      s.Data, // Reuse map
-
+		CreatedAt: now,
-	// Initialize
+		UpdatedAt: now,
-	session.ID = id
+		LastUsed:  now,
-	session.CreatedAt = now
+		Expiry:    now.Add(time.Duration(maxAge) * time.Second),
-	session.UpdatedAt = now
+	}
-	session.LastUsed = now
+	return s
-	session.Expiry = now.Add(time.Duration(maxAge) * time.Second)
-	session.dirty = false
-
-	return session
 }
 
-// Get retrieves a value from the session
+// Release returns the session to the pool
+func (s *Session) Release() {
+	for k := range s.Data {
+		delete(s.Data, k)
+	}
+	sessionPool.Put(s)
+}
+
+// Get returns a deep copy of a value
 func (s *Session) Get(key string) any {
-	return s.Data[key]
+	if v, ok := s.Data[key]; ok {
+		return deepCopy(v)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetTable returns a value as a table
+func (s *Session) GetTable(key string) map[string]any {
+	if v := s.Get(key); v != nil {
+		if t, ok := v.(map[string]any); ok {
+			return t
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// GetAll returns a deep copy of all session data
+func (s *Session) GetAll() map[string]any {
+	copy := make(map[string]any, len(s.Data))
+	for k, v := range s.Data {
+		copy[k] = deepCopy(v)
+	}
+	return copy
 }
 
 // Set stores a value in the session
@@ -86,6 +86,20 @@ func (s *Session) Set(key string, value any) {
 	s.dirty = true
 }
 
+// SetSafe stores a value with validation
+func (s *Session) SetSafe(key string, value any) error {
+	if err := validate(value); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("session.SetSafe: %w", err)
+	}
+	s.Set(key, value)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// SetTable is a convenience method for setting table data
+func (s *Session) SetTable(key string, table map[string]any) error {
+	return s.SetSafe(key, table)
+}
+
 // Delete removes a value from the session
 func (s *Session) Delete(key string) {
 	delete(s.Data, key)
@@ -100,27 +114,16 @@ func (s *Session) Clear() {
 	s.dirty = true
 }
 
-// GetAll returns a copy of all session data
-func (s *Session) GetAll() map[string]any {
-	copy := make(map[string]any, len(s.Data))
-	for k, v := range s.Data {
-		copy[k] = v
-	}
-	return copy
-}
-
 // IsExpired checks if the session has expired
 func (s *Session) IsExpired() bool {
 	return time.Now().After(s.Expiry)
 }
 
 // UpdateLastUsed updates the last used time
-// Only updates if at least 5 seconds have passed since last update
 func (s *Session) UpdateLastUsed() {
 	now := time.Now()
 	if now.Sub(s.LastUsed) > 5*time.Second {
 		s.LastUsed = now
-		// Not marking dirty for LastUsed updates to reduce writes
 	}
 }
 
@@ -135,115 +138,64 @@ func (s *Session) ResetDirty() {
 }
 
 // SizePlain calculates the size needed to marshal the session
-func (s *Session) SizePlain() (size int) {
+func (s *Session) SizePlain() int {
-	// ID
+	return bstd.SizeString(s.ID) +
-	size += bstd.SizeString(s.ID)
+		bstd.SizeMap(s.Data, bstd.SizeString, sizeAny) +
-
+		bstd.SizeInt64()*4
-	// Data map
-	size += bstd.SizeMap(s.Data, bstd.SizeString, func(v any) int {
-		return sizeAny(v)
-	})
-
-	// Time fields stored as int64 Unix timestamps
-	size += bstd.SizeInt64() * 4
-
-	return size
 }
 
 // MarshalPlain serializes the session to binary
 func (s *Session) MarshalPlain(n int, b []byte) int {
-	// ID
 	n = bstd.MarshalString(n, b, s.ID)
-
+	n = bstd.MarshalMap(n, b, s.Data, bstd.MarshalString, marshalAny)
-	// Data map
-	n = bstd.MarshalMap(n, b, s.Data, bstd.MarshalString, func(n int, b []byte, v any) int {
-		return marshalAny(n, b, v)
-	})
-
-	// Time fields as Unix timestamps
 	n = bstd.MarshalInt64(n, b, s.CreatedAt.Unix())
 	n = bstd.MarshalInt64(n, b, s.UpdatedAt.Unix())
 	n = bstd.MarshalInt64(n, b, s.LastUsed.Unix())
-	n = bstd.MarshalInt64(n, b, s.Expiry.Unix())
+	return bstd.MarshalInt64(n, b, s.Expiry.Unix())
-
-	return n
 }
 
 // UnmarshalPlain deserializes the session from binary
 func (s *Session) UnmarshalPlain(n int, b []byte) (int, error) {
 	var err error
-
-	// ID
 	n, s.ID, err = bstd.UnmarshalString(n, b)
 	if err != nil {
 		return n, err
 	}
 
-	// Data map
+	n, s.Data, err = bstd.UnmarshalMap[string, any](n, b, bstd.UnmarshalString, unmarshalAny)
-	n, s.Data, err = bstd.UnmarshalMap[string, any](n, b, bstd.UnmarshalString, func(n int, b []byte) (int, any, error) {
-		return unmarshalAny(n, b)
-	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return n, err
 	}
 
-	// Time fields as Unix timestamps
+	var ts int64
-	var timestamp int64
+	for _, t := range []*time.Time{&s.CreatedAt, &s.UpdatedAt, &s.LastUsed, &s.Expiry} {
-
+		n, ts, err = bstd.UnmarshalInt64(n, b)
-	n, timestamp, err = bstd.UnmarshalInt64(n, b)
 		if err != nil {
 			return n, err
 		}
-	s.CreatedAt = time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
+		*t = time.Unix(ts, 0)
-
-	n, timestamp, err = bstd.UnmarshalInt64(n, b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return n, err
 	}
-	s.UpdatedAt = time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
-
-	n, timestamp, err = bstd.UnmarshalInt64(n, b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return n, err
-	}
-	s.LastUsed = time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
-
-	n, timestamp, err = bstd.UnmarshalInt64(n, b)
-	if err != nil {
-		return n, err
-	}
-	s.Expiry = time.Unix(timestamp, 0)
-
 	return n, nil
 }
 
 // Marshal serializes the session using benc
 func (s *Session) Marshal() ([]byte, error) {
-	size := s.SizePlain()
+	return bufPool.Marshal(s.SizePlain(), func(b []byte) int {
-
-	data, err := bufPool.Marshal(size, func(b []byte) (n int) {
 		return s.MarshalPlain(0, b)
 	})
-
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	return data, nil
 }
 
 // Unmarshal deserializes a session using benc
 func Unmarshal(data []byte) (*Session, error) {
-	session := GetFromPool()
+	s := sessionPool.Get().(*Session)
-	_, err := session.UnmarshalPlain(0, data)
+	if _, err := s.UnmarshalPlain(0, data); err != nil {
-	if err != nil {
+		s.Release()
-		ReturnToPool(session)
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return session, nil
+	return s, nil
 }
 
-// Type identifiers for any values
+// Type identifiers
 const (
 	typeNull   byte = 0
 	typeString byte = 1
@@ -251,32 +203,38 @@ const (
 	typeFloat  byte = 3
 	typeBool   byte = 4
 	typeBytes  byte = 5
+	typeTable  byte = 6
+	typeArray  byte = 7
 )
 
 // sizeAny calculates the size needed for any value
 func sizeAny(v any) int {
 	if v == nil {
-		return 1 // Just the type byte
+		return 1
 	}
 
-	// 1 byte for type + size of the value
+	size := 1 // type byte
-	switch val := v.(type) {
+	switch v := v.(type) {
 	case string:
-		return 1 + bstd.SizeString(val)
+		size += bstd.SizeString(v)
 	case int:
-		return 1 + bstd.SizeInt64()
+		size += bstd.SizeInt64()
 	case int64:
-		return 1 + bstd.SizeInt64()
+		size += bstd.SizeInt64()
 	case float64:
-		return 1 + bstd.SizeFloat64()
+		size += bstd.SizeFloat64()
 	case bool:
-		return 1 + bstd.SizeBool()
+		size += bstd.SizeBool()
 	case []byte:
-		return 1 + bstd.SizeBytes(val)
+		size += bstd.SizeBytes(v)
+	case map[string]any:
+		size += bstd.SizeMap(v, bstd.SizeString, sizeAny)
+	case []any:
+		size += bstd.SizeSlice(v, sizeAny)
 	default:
-		// Convert unhandled types to string
+		size += bstd.SizeString("unknown")
-		return 1 + bstd.SizeString("unknown")
 	}
+	return size
 }
 
 // marshalAny serializes any value
@@ -286,27 +244,32 @@ func marshalAny(n int, b []byte, v any) int {
 		return n + 1
 	}
 
-	switch val := v.(type) {
+	switch v := v.(type) {
 	case string:
 		b[n] = typeString
-		return bstd.MarshalString(n+1, b, val)
+		return bstd.MarshalString(n+1, b, v)
 	case int:
 		b[n] = typeInt
-		return bstd.MarshalInt64(n+1, b, int64(val))
+		return bstd.MarshalInt64(n+1, b, int64(v))
 	case int64:
 		b[n] = typeInt
-		return bstd.MarshalInt64(n+1, b, val)
+		return bstd.MarshalInt64(n+1, b, v)
 	case float64:
 		b[n] = typeFloat
-		return bstd.MarshalFloat64(n+1, b, val)
+		return bstd.MarshalFloat64(n+1, b, v)
 	case bool:
 		b[n] = typeBool
-		return bstd.MarshalBool(n+1, b, val)
+		return bstd.MarshalBool(n+1, b, v)
 	case []byte:
 		b[n] = typeBytes
-		return bstd.MarshalBytes(n+1, b, val)
+		return bstd.MarshalBytes(n+1, b, v)
+	case map[string]any:
+		b[n] = typeTable
+		return bstd.MarshalMap(n+1, b, v, bstd.MarshalString, marshalAny)
+	case []any:
+		b[n] = typeArray
+		return bstd.MarshalSlice(n+1, b, v, marshalAny)
 	default:
-		// Convert unhandled types to string
 		b[n] = typeString
 		return bstd.MarshalString(n+1, b, "unknown")
 	}
@@ -318,33 +281,68 @@ func unmarshalAny(n int, b []byte) (int, any, error) {
 		return n, nil, benc.ErrBufTooSmall
 	}
 
-	typeId := b[n]
+	switch b[n] {
-	n++
-
-	switch typeId {
 	case typeNull:
-		return n, nil, nil
+		return n + 1, nil, nil
 	case typeString:
-		return bstd.UnmarshalString(n, b)
+		return bstd.UnmarshalString(n+1, b)
 	case typeInt:
-		var val int64
+		n, v, err := bstd.UnmarshalInt64(n+1, b)
-		var err error
+		return n, v, err
-		n, val, err = bstd.UnmarshalInt64(n, b)
-		return n, val, err
 	case typeFloat:
-		var val float64
+		return bstd.UnmarshalFloat64(n+1, b)
-		var err error
-		n, val, err = bstd.UnmarshalFloat64(n, b)
-		return n, val, err
 	case typeBool:
-		var val bool
+		return bstd.UnmarshalBool(n+1, b)
-		var err error
-		n, val, err = bstd.UnmarshalBool(n, b)
-		return n, val, err
 	case typeBytes:
-		return bstd.UnmarshalBytesCopied(n, b)
+		return bstd.UnmarshalBytesCopied(n+1, b)
+	case typeTable:
+		return bstd.UnmarshalMap[string, any](n+1, b, bstd.UnmarshalString, unmarshalAny)
+	case typeArray:
+		return bstd.UnmarshalSlice[any](n+1, b, unmarshalAny)
 	default:
-		// Unknown type, return nil
+		return n + 1, nil, nil
-		return n, nil, nil
 	}
 }
+
+// deepCopy creates a deep copy of any value
+func deepCopy(v any) any {
+	switch v := v.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		cp := make(map[string]any, len(v))
+		for k, val := range v {
+			cp[k] = deepCopy(val)
+		}
+		return cp
+	case []any:
+		cp := make([]any, len(v))
+		for i, val := range v {
+			cp[i] = deepCopy(val)
+		}
+		return cp
+	default:
+		return v
+	}
+}
+
+// validate ensures a value can be safely serialized
+func validate(v any) error {
+	switch v := v.(type) {
+	case nil, string, int, int64, float64, bool, []byte:
+		return nil
+	case map[string]any:
+		for k, val := range v {
+			if err := validate(val); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid value for key %q: %w", k, err)
+			}
+		}
+	case []any:
+		for i, val := range v {
+			if err := validate(val); err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("invalid value at index %d: %w", i, err)
+			}
+		}
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported type: %T", v)
+	}
+	return nil
+}