// Copyright (c) 2024 MIT License All rights reserved

#pragma once

#include <algorithm>
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <limits>
#include <map>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <string_view>
#include <cctype>

class JsonParser
{
public:
	// Constructor that loads and parses JSON from specified file
	explicit JsonParser(const std::string_view filename);

	// Retrieves value for given dot-separated path, returns empty string if not found
	std::string getValue(const std::string_view path) const
	{
		std::string lower_path{path};
		std::transform(lower_path.begin(), lower_path.end(), lower_path.begin(), ::tolower);
		
		if (auto it = values.find(lower_path); it != values.end()) {
			return it->second;
		}
		return "";
	}
	
	// Converts string to unsigned char with range validation
	static bool convertStringToUnsignedChar(const std::string_view str, unsigned char& result);
	
	// Converts string to unsigned short with range validation
	static bool convertStringToUnsignedShort(const std::string_view str, unsigned short& result);
	
	// Converts string to unsigned int with range validation
	static bool convertStringToUnsignedInt(const std::string_view str, unsigned int& result);
	
	// Converts string to unsigned long with range validation
	static bool convertStringToUnsignedLong(const std::string_view str, unsigned long& result);
	
	// Returns whether the JSON file was successfully loaded and parsed
	constexpr bool IsLoaded() const noexcept { return is_loaded; }

private:
	std::map<std::string, std::string> values;	// Flat map of dot-separated paths to string values
	bool is_loaded{false};						// Success flag for file loading and parsing

	// Recursively parses JSON object and builds flat key-value map with dot notation
	void parseObject(const std::string& json, size_t& pos, const std::string& path);
	
	// Skips whitespace characters in JSON string starting from given position
	size_t skipWhitespace(const std::string& json, size_t pos) const noexcept;
	
	// Parses JSON string literal and returns unescaped content
	std::string parseString(const std::string& json, size_t& pos);
	
	// Parses JSON number and returns string representation
	std::string parseNumber(const std::string& json, size_t& pos);
	
	// Parses JSON value (string, number, object) and stores in values map
	void parseValue(const std::string& json, size_t& pos, const std::string& key);
	
	// Helper template for string to unsigned integer conversion with type safety
	template<typename T>
	static bool convertStringToUnsigned(const std::string_view str, T& result);
};

// Constructor implementation - loads and parses JSON file
JsonParser::JsonParser(const std::string_view filename)
{
	std::ifstream file{std::string{filename}};
	if (!file.is_open()) {
		std::cerr << "Error: Cannot open JSON file: " << filename << std::endl;
		return;
	}

	std::ostringstream buffer;
	buffer << file.rdbuf();
	std::string json_content = buffer.str();

	try {
		size_t pos = 0;
		parseObject(json_content, pos, "");
		is_loaded = true;
	} catch (const std::exception& e) {
		std::cerr << "Error parsing JSON: " << e.what() << std::endl;
	}
}

// Template implementation for safe string to unsigned conversion
template<typename T>
bool JsonParser::convertStringToUnsigned(const std::string_view str, T& result)
{
	try {
		unsigned long ul = std::stoul(std::string{str});
		if (ul > std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) {
			return false;
		}
		result = static_cast<T>(ul);
		return true;
	} catch (const std::invalid_argument&) {
		return false;
	} catch (const std::out_of_range&) {
		return false;
	}
}

// Converts string to unsigned char with validation
bool JsonParser::convertStringToUnsignedChar(const std::string_view str, unsigned char& result)
{
	return convertStringToUnsigned(str, result);
}

// Converts string to unsigned short with validation
bool JsonParser::convertStringToUnsignedShort(const std::string_view str, unsigned short& result)
{
	return convertStringToUnsigned(str, result);
}

// Converts string to unsigned int with validation
bool JsonParser::convertStringToUnsignedInt(const std::string_view str, unsigned int& result)
{
	return convertStringToUnsigned(str, result);
}

// Converts string to unsigned long with validation
bool JsonParser::convertStringToUnsignedLong(const std::string_view str, unsigned long& result)
{
	return convertStringToUnsigned(str, result);
}

// Skips whitespace characters and returns next non-whitespace position
size_t JsonParser::skipWhitespace(const std::string& json, size_t pos) const noexcept
{
	while (pos < json.length() && std::isspace(json[pos])) {
		++pos;
	}
	return pos;
}

// Parses JSON string literal, handling escape sequences
std::string JsonParser::parseString(const std::string& json, size_t& pos)
{
	if (json[pos] != '"') {
		throw std::runtime_error("Expected '\"' at start of string");
	}
	++pos; // Skip opening quote

	std::string result;
	while (pos < json.length() && json[pos] != '"') {
		if (json[pos] == '\\') {
			++pos;
			if (pos >= json.length()) {
				throw std::runtime_error("Unterminated escape sequence");
			}
			// Handle basic escape sequences
			switch (json[pos]) {
				case '"': result += '"'; break;
				case '\\': result += '\\'; break;
				case '/': result += '/'; break;
				case 'b': result += '\b'; break;
				case 'f': result += '\f'; break;
				case 'n': result += '\n'; break;
				case 'r': result += '\r'; break;
				case 't': result += '\t'; break;
				default: result += json[pos]; break;
			}
		} else {
			result += json[pos];
		}
		++pos;
	}

	if (pos >= json.length() || json[pos] != '"') {
		throw std::runtime_error("Unterminated string");
	}
	++pos; // Skip closing quote
	return result;
}

// Parses JSON number and returns string representation
std::string JsonParser::parseNumber(const std::string& json, size_t& pos)
{
	size_t start = pos;
	
	// Handle optional minus sign
	if (json[pos] == '-') {
		++pos;
	}
	
	// Parse digits
	while (pos < json.length() && std::isdigit(json[pos])) {
		++pos;
	}
	
	// Handle decimal point and fractional part
	if (pos < json.length() && json[pos] == '.') {
		++pos;
		while (pos < json.length() && std::isdigit(json[pos])) {
			++pos;
		}
	}
	
	// Handle exponent
	if (pos < json.length() && (json[pos] == 'e' || json[pos] == 'E')) {
		++pos;
		if (pos < json.length() && (json[pos] == '+' || json[pos] == '-')) {
			++pos;
		}
		while (pos < json.length() && std::isdigit(json[pos])) {
			++pos;
		}
	}
	
	return json.substr(start, pos - start);
}

// Parses JSON value and stores it in the values map
void JsonParser::parseValue(const std::string& json, size_t& pos, const std::string& key)
{
	pos = skipWhitespace(json, pos);
	
	if (pos >= json.length()) {
		throw std::runtime_error("Unexpected end of JSON");
	}
	
	if (json[pos] == '"') {
		// String value - store directly
		std::string value = parseString(json, pos);
		std::string lower_key = key;
		std::transform(lower_key.begin(), lower_key.end(), lower_key.begin(), ::tolower);
		values[lower_key] = value;
	} else if (json[pos] == '{') {
		// Nested object - recurse with current key as path prefix
		parseObject(json, pos, key);
	} else if (std::isdigit(json[pos]) || json[pos] == '-') {
		// Number value - store as string
		std::string value = parseNumber(json, pos);
		std::string lower_key = key;
		std::transform(lower_key.begin(), lower_key.end(), lower_key.begin(), ::tolower);
		values[lower_key] = value;
	} else {
		// Skip other JSON types (true, false, null, arrays)
		while (pos < json.length() && json[pos] != ',' && json[pos] != '}') {
			++pos;
		}
	}
}

// Recursively parses JSON object and builds flat key-value structure
void JsonParser::parseObject(const std::string& json, size_t& pos, const std::string& path)
{
	pos = skipWhitespace(json, pos);
	
	if (pos >= json.length() || json[pos] != '{') {
		throw std::runtime_error("Expected '{' at start of object");
	}
	++pos; // Skip opening brace
	
	pos = skipWhitespace(json, pos);
	
	// Handle empty object
	if (pos < json.length() && json[pos] == '}') {
		++pos;
		return;
	}
	
	while (pos < json.length()) {
		pos = skipWhitespace(json, pos);
		
		// Parse key
		if (json[pos] != '"') {
			throw std::runtime_error("Expected string key in object");
		}
		std::string key = parseString(json, pos);
		
		pos = skipWhitespace(json, pos);
		
		// Expect colon
		if (pos >= json.length() || json[pos] != ':') {
			throw std::runtime_error("Expected ':' after object key");
		}
		++pos;
		
		// Build full path with dot notation
		std::string full_key = path.empty() ? key : path + "." + key;
		
		// Parse value
		parseValue(json, pos, full_key);
		
		pos = skipWhitespace(json, pos);
		
		// Check for continuation or end
		if (pos < json.length() && json[pos] == ',') {
			++pos; // Skip comma
			continue;
		} else if (pos < json.length() && json[pos] == '}') {
			++pos; // Skip closing brace
			break;
		} else {
			throw std::runtime_error("Expected ',' or '}' in object");
		}
	}
}